. The Bulletin of the Beach Erosion Board. Coastal engineering; Shore protection; Beach erosion. Existing protective structures at Waikiki Beach consist of sea walls, (Figure 3) groins (Figure 5) and a short offshore breakwater. (Figure 7). The sea walls, of various types, ex- tend along most of the length of the beach. The groins are short and, although of too light design to withstand heavy wave action, have suffered little damage over periods varying up to ten years. The offshore breakwater is 700 feet long, 250 i'eet offshore, and cellular in type. It was constructed in 193B of interlockin
. The Bulletin of the Beach Erosion Board. Coastal engineering; Shore protection; Beach erosion. Existing protective structures at Waikiki Beach consist of sea walls, (Figure 3) groins (Figure 5) and a short offshore breakwater. (Figure 7). The sea walls, of various types, ex- tend along most of the length of the beach. The groins are short and, although of too light design to withstand heavy wave action, have suffered little damage over periods varying up to ten years. The offshore breakwater is 700 feet long, 250 i'eet offshore, and cellular in type. It was constructed in 193B of interlocking precast concrete slabs forming cribs which were filled with rock fragments and boulders to the top elevation of mean lower low water. At mean higher high water the breakwater is submerged about 2 feet. The area landward of the breakwater was cleared of coral patches by a dragline excavator and 7,000 cubic yards of sand obtained .from a nearby municipally-owned beach park was placed artificially on the beach. As the project neared com- pletion, it was apparent that the newly deposited sand tended to move northwesterly, and shore returns were constructed at each end of the breakwater to retain the sand in the inclosed area. Figure 6 shows the condition of the beach opposite the site of the offshore breakwater prior to its construction and artifi- cial placement of sand fill. Figure 7 shows this improvement. FIGURE 5. TYPICAL GROIN. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original United States. Beach Erosion Board; United States. Army. Corps of Engineers. Washington, D. C. : The Board
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