. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). OSTEOGLOSSOMORPH HVOID MUSCULATURE 13 by a thick connective tissue fascia. The muscle is also closely attached to the inner aspect of the ventrally directed bony processes on the second hypobranchials; each process is, however, entirely superficial to the muscle. Ventral gill arch muscles (text-fig. 5). Obliqui muscles (linking cerato- and hypo- branchial elements) are present on the first three gill arches. A small rectus muscle connects the fourth ceratohyal with the third hypobranchial. No rectus communis is developed. The proximal ends of
. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). OSTEOGLOSSOMORPH HVOID MUSCULATURE 13 by a thick connective tissue fascia. The muscle is also closely attached to the inner aspect of the ventrally directed bony processes on the second hypobranchials; each process is, however, entirely superficial to the muscle. Ventral gill arch muscles (text-fig. 5). Obliqui muscles (linking cerato- and hypo- branchial elements) are present on the first three gill arches. A small rectus muscle connects the fourth ceratohyal with the third hypobranchial. No rectus communis is developed. The proximal ends of the fourth and fifth ceratobranchials are joined, respectively, by the anterior and posterior transversi. The fifth ceratobranchial is also connected to the cleithrum by the strong external and internal pharyngocleithrales. The internal pharyngocleithralis is subdivided into a narrow posterior and a much broader anterior part. Both pharyngocleithrales have their origins medial to the sternohvoideus. Scleropages leichardti Gunther (Text-fig. iC) In most details, the musculature of S. leichardti is identical with that described for Osteoglossum bicirrhosum. Comments made above on the morphology of the protractor hyoideus muscle and its components apply equally to the muscle in Scleropages. Hbl Hbl Gr Cbl. Hpic Bb1 Fig. 5. Scleropages leichardti: ventral gill arch muscles and sternohyoideus in left lateral view. The hypohyal has been partly cut Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original British Museum (Natural History). London : BM(NH)
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