. Collected reprints / Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories [and] Pacific Oceanographic Laboratories. Oceanography These data form the basis upon which Leipper's suggestion has been investigated. The pathlines indicate that: (a) There is an annual cycle of growth and decay of the Gulf Loop Current, (b) a major exchange of heat, salt, and momentum from the current into the Gulf is made at least once a year through the separation of an anticyclonic eddy or current ring, and (c) the circulation in the eastern Gulf of Mexico is associated with the annual cycle of ma
. Collected reprints / Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories [and] Pacific Oceanographic Laboratories. Oceanography These data form the basis upon which Leipper's suggestion has been investigated. The pathlines indicate that: (a) There is an annual cycle of growth and decay of the Gulf Loop Current, (b) a major exchange of heat, salt, and momentum from the current into the Gulf is made at least once a year through the separation of an anticyclonic eddy or current ring, and (c) the circulation in the eastern Gulf of Mexico is associated with the annual cycle of mass 20 _L J L JL After Fuglister (1951) After Nliler and Richardson (1973) a * MAUL ' ' ' I I L_l I I— 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 E o < AUG. SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN. FEB. MAR. JUN. JUL. AUG. SEP OCT Figure Annual cycle of surface drift velocity in the Straits of Florida between Cape Florida and 30°N (dashed), annual cycle in direct transport between Miami and Bimini (solid), and annual cycle of penetration of the Gulf Loop Current into the Gulf of Mexico (triangles) during 1972- 73. The large decrease in penetration between August and September (right-hand side) represents the separation of an anticyclonic eddy and is a discontinuity in the penetration pattern. Theoretical Relationship between Surface and Subsurface Fronts The statistical relationship between surface and subsurface indicators discussed in section allows an interpretation of the pathlines discussed in section in terms of satellite ground truth. The average separation of the surface and subsurface fronts and values of the Coriolis parameter imply specific current velocities in a geostrophically balanced system. Hansen and Maul showed that the horizontal distance between the maximum temperature gradient at 200-m depth and the maximum temperature gradient at the sea surface varied with curvature in the Gulf Stream meanders off Cape Hatteras. For anticyclonic curvature, the
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