. The Canadian field-naturalist. 388 The Canadian Field-Naturalist Vol. 105. #SC Figure 1. Line drawings of a Butomus umbellatus as found along the Sturgeon River. Alberta. (Reed Canary Grass), Scirpus validus (Great Bulrush), Eleocharispalustris (Creeping Spike-rush), Lcmnci minor (Duckweed), Spirodela polyrhiza (Large Duckweed), Myriophyllum exalbescens (Water Milfoil), Polygonum lapathifolium (Pale Persicaria). and Slum suave (Water-Parsnip). The first North American observation of B. umbellatus was made in 1897 at La Prairie, Quebec (Marie-Victorin 1908). The rapid spread of this non- indi
. The Canadian field-naturalist. 388 The Canadian Field-Naturalist Vol. 105. #SC Figure 1. Line drawings of a Butomus umbellatus as found along the Sturgeon River. Alberta. (Reed Canary Grass), Scirpus validus (Great Bulrush), Eleocharispalustris (Creeping Spike-rush), Lcmnci minor (Duckweed), Spirodela polyrhiza (Large Duckweed), Myriophyllum exalbescens (Water Milfoil), Polygonum lapathifolium (Pale Persicaria). and Slum suave (Water-Parsnip). The first North American observation of B. umbellatus was made in 1897 at La Prairie, Quebec (Marie-Victorin 1908). The rapid spread of this non- indigenous aquatic in the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River has been well documented by Core (1941 >, Gaiser (1949), Stuckey (1968), and Scoggan (1978). H. umbellatus was also reported from Nova Scotia (Hall 1959), Prince Edward Island (Erskine I960), South Dakota (Martin 1965), Idaho (Hitchcock el al. 1969), the Mississippi watershed (Roberts 1972), Montana (Hahn 1973). North Dakota (Godfread and Barker 1975), Minnesota (Godfread and Barker 1975), and British Columbia (Brayshaw ). li w;is first reported in the (ana dian prairies from Manitoba iii 1977 (Staniforth and â 1980) The Sturgeon River colon) is approxi matel) 1200 km \w ol the reported Manitoba sites .ii Netlej Marsh, Patricia Beach and Lockport, 800 km NI-. ol the Hatzic Lake site in British Columbia, and 650 km N ol the nearest United States site in Flathead (!ount). Montana. Staniforth and Frego (1980) predicted thai B umbellatus "... will become an abundant and widespread species in freshwatei marshes ol the Canadian prairies in the neai ; The Sturgeon Rivei bears oul theii prediction, and the plain should be watt hed foi in similai areas. Dispersal ol the species ( .in he accomplished b) seeds winch iloai and remain viable foi long periods of time and from many freely deciduous tubers from stout fleshy rhizomes that may be moved by water currents or ice movements. Because of its
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