. The outline of history : being a plain history of life and mankind. ely armies, and particularly upon the northern down ; and in October the same sort of front, and upon November 7th, 1917, Keren- autumn offensive that had overthrown Serbia skys government was overthrown and power in 1915 and Roumania in 1916 was now was seized by the Soviet Government, domi- turned with crushing effect against Italy, nated by the Bolshevik socialists under The Italian front collapsed after the Battle Lenin, and pledged to make peace regardless of Caporetto, and the Austro-German armies of the Western powers
. The outline of history : being a plain history of life and mankind. ely armies, and particularly upon the northern down ; and in October the same sort of front, and upon November 7th, 1917, Keren- autumn offensive that had overthrown Serbia skys government was overthrown and power in 1915 and Roumania in 1916 was now was seized by the Soviet Government, domi- turned with crushing effect against Italy, nated by the Bolshevik socialists under The Italian front collapsed after the Battle Lenin, and pledged to make peace regardless of Caporetto, and the Austro-German armies of the Western powers. Russia passed defi- poured down into Venetia and came almost nitely out of the war. within gunfire of Venice. Germany felt justi- In the spring of 1917 there had been a fied, therefore, in taking a high line with the costly and ineffective French attack upon the Russian peace proposals, and the peace of Champagne front which had failed to break Brest Litovsk (March 2nd, 1918) gave the through and sustained enormous losses. Western allies some intimation of what a. THE CATASTROPHE OF 1914 575 German victory would mean to them. It to develop a counter-attack in the Marne was a crushing and exorbitant peace, dictated angle. By July the tide was turning, and with the utmost arrogance of confident the Germans were reeling back. The Battle victors. of Chateau Thierry (July 18th) proved the All through the winter Grerman troops had quality of the new American armies. In been shifting from the Eastern to the Western August the British opened a great and suc- front, and now, in the spring of 1918, the cessful thrust into Belgium, and the bulge jaded enthusiasm of hungry, weary, and of the German lines towards Amiens wilted bleeding Germany was lashed up for the and collapsed. Germany had finished. The one supreme effort that was really and truly fighting spirit passed out of her army, and to end the war. For some months American October was a story of defeat and retreat troops had bee
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