The war in Europe, its causes and consequences; an authentic narrative of the immediate and remote causes of the war, with a descriptive account of the countries involved, including statistics of armies, navies, aeroplanes, dirigibles, &c., &c . ch threatened to destroy the in-dependence of the papacy; and granted to the pope territories thatformed the beginning of the,.Papal States. Pepins son, Charle-magne (768-814), brought Germany into the circle of European civi-lization. With him the construction of the modern world began. Onthe appeal of the pope he conquered Lombardy, broke the Saxonpo
The war in Europe, its causes and consequences; an authentic narrative of the immediate and remote causes of the war, with a descriptive account of the countries involved, including statistics of armies, navies, aeroplanes, dirigibles, &c., &c . ch threatened to destroy the in-dependence of the papacy; and granted to the pope territories thatformed the beginning of the,.Papal States. Pepins son, Charle-magne (768-814), brought Germany into the circle of European civi-lization. With him the construction of the modern world began. Onthe appeal of the pope he conquered Lombardy, broke the Saxonpower, and incorporated it in his dominions. He also conquered Ba-varia, the Slavs on the Baltic, the Hungarians, and the Mohamme-dans of Spain. On Christmas Day, 800, Leo III crowned him in , Rome, and thereafter Charlemagne styled himself Emperorof the Holy Roman Empire. In 843 the Treaty of Verdun parti- 258 COUNTRIES INVOLVED tioned Charlemagnes great empire among three claimants. Charleshad the west (now France) ; and Louis, the east (now Germany).Between them was the middle kingdom of Lotharingia (Lorraine).In 885 the Northmen began to make inroads. They took Rouen,Bordeaux and Aix-la-Chapelle. The monarchy gradually decayed. French Infantry Blocking a Road to Paris and the feudal powers of the great nobles developed. In 987 a mem-ber of one of these families, Hugh Capet, seized the throne (987-996)and began a new dynasty. Louis VI (1108-1137) united the Duchy of Aquitaine to thecrown and strengthened the monarchy against the feudal nobles; buta blow was inflicted on the monarchy by Louis VII (1137-1180)when he divorced his wife, Eleanor of Aquitaine, and allowed her tomarry Henry II of England. By this marriage England becamepossessor of many French provinces. FRANCE 259 Philip Augustus (1180-1223), one of the chief founders of theFrench monarchy, by diplomacy and hard fighting at the Battle ofBouvines (1214), expelled the English from Brittany, Normandy,Maine, An
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Keywords: ., boo, bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectworldwar19141918
