. Chordate anatomy. Chordata; Anatomy, Comparative. 158 CHORDATE ANATOMY The Skull. There are two chief parts to the skull, which have different origins and a different history. One of these is the cranium or brain-case, together with the bones of the face except the two jaws. The other is the visceral skeleton, that is to say, the two jaws, the hyoid bone, the ear bones, and the cartilages of the larynx. 3ASISPHENOI0 ORBITOSPHENOID \ ALISPHE>JOID PRESPHENOID \ \ \ PARIETAL FRONTAL VOMER PREFRONTAL \ \ J^>Cpp@>W NASAL ^ ^ \ ^<<!r*-fi\#.\r-.\( t vA SUPRAOCaPITAL EXOCCIPITAL ,BASI
. Chordate anatomy. Chordata; Anatomy, Comparative. 158 CHORDATE ANATOMY The Skull. There are two chief parts to the skull, which have different origins and a different history. One of these is the cranium or brain-case, together with the bones of the face except the two jaws. The other is the visceral skeleton, that is to say, the two jaws, the hyoid bone, the ear bones, and the cartilages of the larynx. 3ASISPHENOI0 ORBITOSPHENOID \ ALISPHE>JOID PRESPHENOID \ \ \ PARIETAL FRONTAL VOMER PREFRONTAL \ \ J^>Cpp@>W NASAL ^ ^ \ ^<<!r*-fi\#.\r-.\( t vA SUPRAOCaPITAL EXOCCIPITAL ,BASIOCCIPITAL A. MAMMAL ALISPHENOip ORBITOSPHENOID PRESPHENOI FRONTAL. PREFRONTAL VOMER NASAL'. SUPRAOCaPITAL EXOCCIPITAL B. MAN Fig. 148.—Owen's figures illustrating the Goethe-Oken vertebral theory of the skull. Owen believed that he could find in the mammalian skull four enlarged vertebrae, the components of which he identified with the elements of a trunk vertebra. Not knowing the embryology of the skull, he did not realize that vertebrae lack the membranous bones which are so conspicuous in the skull. (Redrawn from Wilder.) The Evolution of the Cranium. In the early part of the nineteenth century it was generally assumed by morphologists that the skull consists of four or five enlarged vertebrae. Originally suggested by the poet Goethe, this "vertebral theory" of the skull was developed by Oken in Germany and by Owen in England. See Fig. 148. The basis of this theory. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Neal, Herbert V. (Herbert Vincent), 1869-1940; Rand, Herbert W. (Herbert Wilbur), 1872-1960. Philadelphia : P. Blakiston's Son & Co.
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