. Studies on the reproduction and artificial propagation of fresh-water mussels. oung mussel was 41by 30 mm. on December 26,1910. It is still alive, but aslate as June, 1911, it waspractically of the same it is over two years old,it is evident that it is quite adwarf, and, had it been rearedunder favorable conditions,it undoubtedly would havebeen much larger by this tank in which it hasspent all of its life is suppliedwith tap water, which isobtained from deep wells andcontains little that a musselcould utilize as food, and itssmall size is undoubtedly dueto the fact that i
. Studies on the reproduction and artificial propagation of fresh-water mussels. oung mussel was 41by 30 mm. on December 26,1910. It is still alive, but aslate as June, 1911, it waspractically of the same it is over two years old,it is evident that it is quite adwarf, and, had it been rearedunder favorable conditions,it undoubtedly would havebeen much larger by this tank in which it hasspent all of its life is suppliedwith tap water, which isobtained from deep wells andcontains little that a musselcould utilize as food, and itssmall size is undoubtedly dueto the fact that it has beenunderfed from the shell shows no indicationwhatever of lines of inter-rupted growth, but this isonly what might have beenexpected, as the mussel hasnever been exposed to lowtemperatures. It is evidenttherefore, that it has beengrowing continuously, butvery slowly, throughout itsentire life. This individual,however,is of no little interest, as it isthe first fresh-water mussel actually reared artificially from the glochidium, and in a sense187130—12 6. Fig. 4.—Two individuals of Lampsilis ventricosa recovered on November 15, 1910,after having been confined in a wire cage in the Mississippi River for twoyears and four and a half months. The line a is the original margin of theshell at the time of planting. June 29, 1908. and the lines b and c represent therings which are due to the periods of cessation of growth. Natural size. 184 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. furnishes a demonstration of the feasibility of artificial propagation. Had the food supplyin the tank been adequate, it would now be a mussel of about two-thirds the adult size. THE ORIGIN AND AGE OF MUSSELS IN ARTIFICIAL PONDS. A second line of evidence bearing upon the rate of growth has been obtained inconnection with an examination of certain artificial ponds in the vicinity of Columbia,Mo. In this region it is customary for the farmers to construct, for the watering of cattle,ponds i
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