Anthropology; an introduction to the study of man and civilization . IX.] ARTS OF LIFE. 217 is curious to find in Europe the rudest imaginable hoe, lessartificial than the elks shoulder-blade fastened to a sticky,with which the North American squaws hoed their Indiancorn. This is the Swedish hack, Fig. 64/;, a mere stoutstake of spruce-fir with a bough sdcking out at the lowerend cut short and pointed. With this primitive implementin old times fields were tilled in Sweden, and it was to be seenin forest farmhouses within a generation or two. Swedishtradition records the steps by which agricult
Anthropology; an introduction to the study of man and civilization . IX.] ARTS OF LIFE. 217 is curious to find in Europe the rudest imaginable hoe, lessartificial than the elks shoulder-blade fastened to a sticky,with which the North American squaws hoed their Indiancorn. This is the Swedish hack, Fig. 64/;, a mere stoutstake of spruce-fir with a bough sdcking out at the lowerend cut short and pointed. With this primitive implementin old times fields were tilled in Sweden, and it was to be seenin forest farmhouses within a generation or two. Swedishtradition records the steps by which agriculture wooden hack was made heavier and dragged by menthrough the ground, thus ploughing a furrow in the simplestway; then the implement was made in two pieces, with a. Fig. 65.—Ancient Egyptian hoe and plough. handle for the ploughman and a pole for the men to dragby, the share was shod with an iron point, and at last a pairof cows or mares were yoked on instead of the men. Thisseems nearly the way in which, thousands of years earlier,the hoe first passed into the plough. Fig. 65 is from apicture of agriculture in ancient Egypt. Here the laboureris seen following the plough to break up the clods with hispeculiar hoe, with its long, curved, wooden blade roped tothe handle. Now looking at the plough itself, it is seen tobe such a hoe, rope and all, only heavier and provided witha pair of handles for the ploughman to guide and keep itdown, while a yoke of oxen drag it through the ground. The 2i8 ANTHROPOLOGY. [chap. valley of the Nile was one of the districts where high agri-culture earliest arose, and in the picture here copied we mayalmost fancy ourselves seeing at its birth tlie great inventionof the plough. To arm it with a heavy metal ploughshar
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksub, booksubjectcivilization
