Stanley and the white heroes in Africa; being an edition from Mr Stanley's late personal writings on the Emin Pasha relief expedition .. . the Indian Ocean as an inland sea, bounded on the southby Africa, which extended easterly and then northerly untilit reached the coast of China. His delineation of the northerncoast of this continent was, in the main, correct; but he be-lieved the western coast to be nearly arstraight north and southline, instead of inclining nearly fifteen degrees of longitudefrom the Straits of Gibraltar to Cape Verde, as more modernsurveys prove. He draws the eastern coa
Stanley and the white heroes in Africa; being an edition from Mr Stanley's late personal writings on the Emin Pasha relief expedition .. . the Indian Ocean as an inland sea, bounded on the southby Africa, which extended easterly and then northerly untilit reached the coast of China. His delineation of the northerncoast of this continent was, in the main, correct; but he be-lieved the western coast to be nearly arstraight north and southline, instead of inclining nearly fifteen degrees of longitudefrom the Straits of Gibraltar to Cape Verde, as more modernsurveys prove. He draws the eastern coast nearly correct, asfar south as the equator; and for more than a thousand years,there was but very little more than this known of the DarkContinent. We are accustomed to consider Mohammedanism as the foeof all progress; but the case was different during the middleages. When the faith of Islam was first firmly established, the 48 EARLY EXPLORATIONS OF AFRICA. Saracen princes became the patrons of art and science; andtheir schools became famous seats of learning. Their con-quests had extended far to the West, and they had obtained a. Moorish Warrior. foothold even in Europe itself, in the domains of the mostCatholic King. Across the Mediterranean, they had estab-lished themselves in Morocco and other Barbary States; here EARLY EXPLORATIONS OF AFRICA. 49 they early introduced the camel, useful to their native Arabiandeserts, and soon to become indispensable in Africa. By theaid of the ship of the desert, they crossed the vast wasteswhich had hitherto been impassable, and founded states alongits southern boundary; their object being mainly commercial,since they wished to obtain gold and slaves from the natives. Many of the names recorded by the Arabian chroniclers areretained in a spelling but slightly varied at the present Ghana has become Kano, Tocrur is Takror, and Bornouis unchanged. Their account of western Africa is confused and vague,showing that their exploratio
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