. A history of the vegetable kingdom; embracing the physiology of plants, with their uses to man and the lower animals, and their application in the arts, manufactures, and domestic economy. Illus. by several hundred figures. Botany; Botany, Economic; 1855. OPIUM. 547 as a stimulant, and subsequently as a sedative. In this way they produce more or less of an exhilara- tion of spirits, and an increase of the actions and secretions of the body, followed, however, by a corresponding depression and inaction. In suffi- cient doses, they allay pain and nervous irregu- larity of action; in excess, th
. A history of the vegetable kingdom; embracing the physiology of plants, with their uses to man and the lower animals, and their application in the arts, manufactures, and domestic economy. Illus. by several hundred figures. Botany; Botany, Economic; 1855. OPIUM. 547 as a stimulant, and subsequently as a sedative. In this way they produce more or less of an exhilara- tion of spirits, and an increase of the actions and secretions of the body, followed, however, by a corresponding depression and inaction. In suffi- cient doses, they allay pain and nervous irregu- larity of action; in excess, they destroy the functions of life altogether. The active princi- ple of all these plants resides in the natui-al juices, and varies in nature according to the particular plant. Opium (papaversomniferum). Natural family rhceades; polyandria, monogynia, of Linnteus. Wiite Poppy. This celebrated drug is the expressed juice of a species of poppy. The root is annual, tapering, and branched; the stalk is round, smooth, erect, often branched, of a shining green colour, and rises two or three feet in height. The leaves are alternate, large, ovate, deeply serrated, and closely embrace the stalk. The ilowers are very large, terminal, and usually white or purplish. The capsule is one-celled, divided half way into many compartments, which open by several apertui'es beneath the crown, and contain numer- ous small seeds. It is a native of the warmer parts of Asia, and is not uncommon in a wild state in England, growing in old neglected gar- dens, and even in the fields. It flowers in July and August. This species is said to have been named white poppy, from the whiteness of its seeds; a variety of it, however, is well known to produce black seeds. The double-flowered white poppy is also another vaiiety; but for medicinal purposes any of them may be employed indiscriminately, as no difference is discoverable in the sensible qualities or effects. The leaves, stalks, and especially the caps
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