. Electric railway journal . loop it willbe found that the bonds made with wire conductors, ifthe size of the strands has been properly chosen, will gen-erally outlast those having the terminals connected byribbons, as the ribbons are much more sensitive to vibra-tion and are therefore more easily broken. There are two methods of inserting the wires into theterminals. In one they enter horizontally and in the othercase vertically. The latter is to be preferred, as the bendin the wires at the entrance to the terminal which isnecessary to bring them in horizontally, slightly weakensthem. The sam
. Electric railway journal . loop it willbe found that the bonds made with wire conductors, ifthe size of the strands has been properly chosen, will gen-erally outlast those having the terminals connected byribbons, as the ribbons are much more sensitive to vibra-tion and are therefore more easily broken. There are two methods of inserting the wires into theterminals. In one they enter horizontally and in the othercase vertically. The latter is to be preferred, as the bendin the wires at the entrance to the terminal which isnecessary to bring them in horizontally, slightly weakensthem. The same type of bond that is attached to the head ofthe rail and projects out horizontally from it is alsosuitable for use on the base of the rail. Where the railsare held together with fish plates without shoulders, whichcover up the base of the rail, these bonds can be installedon the top of the base, the loop projecting up. Theterminals can be installed between the fish plate and the 900 Electeic Eailway Journal Vol. 54, No. 20. BONDING TRACK TO STRUCTURE edge of the base. Such plates, however, are but seldomused noAv so that if these bonds are used as foot bonds theymust be installed on the bottom surface of the base. Thisposition makes possible the use of much broader bondsthan when they are installed elsewhere but the bonds areliidden in the ballast and cannot be renewed or repairedwithout going to much trouble and expense. The resultis that when such a bond fails another one is installedat another location on the rail instead of trying to doanything with the old one. When installing such bonds on new rail the best wayis to invert the rail and attach the bonds to long lengths of the rail, then set the latter up in place and spike foot bonds have given good service on third-railsbut are hardly prac-ticable for runningrails, not only be-cause of the diffi-culty of installingand repairing thembut because theyare liable to be dam-aged when the bal-last is tampedaround t
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