. Animal Ecology. Animal ecology. , bacteria, and a few fuiifji. The bacteria are largely ffrif>li\lir. in that they are attached to the surfaces of floating ])lants, animals, and to ])articles of organic detritus. Very few occur freely suspended in the water (Harvey 1935). Bacteria occur at all de|)ths but are especially abundant in or close to the bottom. They are generally more numerous in the winter than in the summer. The green phytoi)lankton is composed of diatoms, dinoflagellates, and small uiiarmored flagellates, but several other kinds of algae are pres- ent and oc
. Animal Ecology. Animal ecology. , bacteria, and a few fuiifji. The bacteria are largely ffrif>li\lir. in that they are attached to the surfaces of floating ])lants, animals, and to ])articles of organic detritus. Very few occur freely suspended in the water (Harvey 1935). Bacteria occur at all de|)ths but are especially abundant in or close to the bottom. They are generally more numerous in the winter than in the summer. The green phytoi)lankton is composed of diatoms, dinoflagellates, and small uiiarmored flagellates, but several other kinds of algae are pres- ent and occasionally important. Tiie dinoflagellates Xocliluia and CfnUiiiiii are luminescent and in some regions may give a glow at night to the entire sea. Bioluminescence is not limited to these organisms, however, but occurs also in various forms of bac- teria, radiolarians, sponges, coelenterates, cteno- phores. nemertineans, worms, crustaceans, brittle- stars, moUusks, balanoglossids, tunicates, and fish (Harvey 1952). The most important groups of protozoan zoo- plankton, other than the green flagellates which are usually considered with the phytoplankton, are the rhizopod Foraminifera, the actinopod Radiolaria, and the ciliate tintinnids. They may be enormously abundant at times. Among the Coelenterata, many hydrozoans have medusae and larval floating stages in their life cycle, but only the siphonophores, the best known example of which is the Portuguese man-of-war, are pelagic throughout their life cycle [ Iwlopclagic}. The true jellyfish of the class Scyphozoa are often conspicuous and ctenophores of the related phylum are often abundant. Some of these forms are so large they are called iiiacroplankton. The various phyla of worms are represented in the plankton by only a few forms, of which the chaetognath Sagitta or arrow worm and the poly- chaete Tomoptcris are often abundant. Many benthic worms, however, produce larvae that are temporarily part of the plankton {meropelagic).
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookcollectionbiodive, booksubjectanimalecology
