. The myology of the raven (Corvus corax sinuatus.) A guide to the study of the muscular system in birds . he pygostyle, andby a tendon on its middle infero-spine, or abortedhypapophysis. This pair of muscles evidently antagonize the leva-tors found on the upper side of the caudal vertebraeand sacrum. Sir Kichard Owen, in his description of the caudalmuscles as they were found by him to exist in theApteryx, bestowed names upon them quite differentfrom those that I propose for them here. In thenomenclature of this anatomist we find such namesas the iscliio-coccygeus, the quadratus coccygis, the
. The myology of the raven (Corvus corax sinuatus.) A guide to the study of the muscular system in birds . he pygostyle, andby a tendon on its middle infero-spine, or abortedhypapophysis. This pair of muscles evidently antagonize the leva-tors found on the upper side of the caudal vertebraeand sacrum. Sir Kichard Owen, in his description of the caudalmuscles as they were found by him to exist in theApteryx, bestowed names upon them quite differentfrom those that I propose for them here. In thenomenclature of this anatomist we find such namesas the iscliio-coccygeus, the quadratus coccygis, thepubo-coccygeus, and others. A careful study on mypart of the musculature of this part of the skeleton andits rectricial appendage in the Raven, convinced me that THE MUSCULATURE OF THE TRUNK. 317 a far bettor nomenclature might be adoped for thesemuscles, as, notwithstanding their various modes of originand insertion, they were, in this bird at least, evidentlyarranged upon quite a definite plan. Of the two pair of levators one is devoted to theskeleton and one to the rectrices, and these are directly. FIG. 76.— Under view of posterior portion of pelvis of a Raven, together with thecaudal vertebrae ; designed to show the position of the infracoccygisand latcralis coccygis muscles. Life-size, and drawn by the authorfrom his dissections. antagonized by the pair each of which I have called aninfracoccygis. Now we still have remaining lateral muscles bothfor the skeleton of the tail and the rectrices, while tothese are added depressors for the same parts, andomitting the transversus perinei, the whole is com-pleted by the femoro-caudals, which lead from thepygostyle to a thigh-bone on either side. 318 THE MYOLOGY OF THE RAVEN. A moments reflection is sufficient to convince us thatall those varied movements, so essential to the featheryrudder of this black avian knight, can be executed toa nicety by thiswpnderfully complete musculature ofhis caudal extremity. BIBLIOGRAPHY. IMPORTA
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