. Elements of the comparative anatomy of vertebrates. Anatomy, Comparative; Vertebrates -- Anatomy. CRANIAL NERVES. 157 ficial and a deep1 branch, a maxillary (2nd division), and a mandibular (3rd division). The first of these arises separately, like a dorsal root of a spinal nerve, while the other two represent primitively a single branch, corresponding to the mandibular, from which the maxillary grows out secondarily. O Jyffir,KT ,3 4 .5 6. FIG. 129.—CRANIAL NERVES OF Anguisft- G, Gasserian ganglion, from which proceed the three branches of the trigeminal, V", Vb, and Vc: behind it is s
. Elements of the comparative anatomy of vertebrates. Anatomy, Comparative; Vertebrates -- Anatomy. CRANIAL NERVES. 157 ficial and a deep1 branch, a maxillary (2nd division), and a mandibular (3rd division). The first of these arises separately, like a dorsal root of a spinal nerve, while the other two represent primitively a single branch, corresponding to the mandibular, from which the maxillary grows out secondarily. O Jyffir,KT ,3 4 .5 6. FIG. 129.—CRANIAL NERVES OF Anguisft- G, Gasserian ganglion, from which proceed the three branches of the trigeminal, V", Vb, and Vc: behind it is seen a sling-like commissure of the sympathetic (Sy and Co), which connects the trigeminal with the vagus-group (IX, X) : from this commissure arises a sympathetic ganglion (Gg), as well as a long cord (Sym) passing to the second sympathetic ganglion, Ggl; VIIa, VIIb, the facial nerve appearing through two separate apertures ; f> connection between the palatine branch of the facial and the maxillary division of the trigeminal ; *t, points of entrance of the maxillary and ophthalmic divisions respectively of the trigeminal into the nasal capsule ; Mm, Mm, branches of the mandibular branch to the masticatory muscles ; GX, ganglion of the vagus ; Li, inferior laryngeal nerve ; p, superior laryngeal; Hi, intestinal branch of the vagus ; XII, hj'poglossal (the two first spinal nerves) ; 3 to 6, third to sixth spinal nerves ; 0, auditory capsule ; Seap, scapula ; A, eye ; 7), Dl. lacrymal and posterior part of Harderian gland. The fact that in many Vertebrates the trigeminal arises by two separate roots indicates its double nature, as does also the fact that, contrary to the general rule, all three divisions do not unite in a single ganglion (the Gasserian), but each main branch may be provided with an independent ganglion. In all Vertebrates, the first division of the trigeminal, with its deep (naso-ciliary) and superficial branch, supplies the integument of the forehead and sno
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