. Text-book of anatomy and physiology for nurses. rior nares) (Figs. 95 and 147). On the lateral wall of each nasal cavity are the three turbinatedhones or shells (concha), and three spaces or passages directlyunderneath them, named as follows: the superior meatus (or passage)beneath the superior concha (or shell); the middle meatus beneath themiddle concha; and the inferior meatus beneath the inferior concha- ^ By air is meant the atmospheric air by which we are surrounded. It consistsprincipally of the two gases, oxygen and nitrogen, one hundred parts by weight of air,containing a little mor
. Text-book of anatomy and physiology for nurses. rior nares) (Figs. 95 and 147). On the lateral wall of each nasal cavity are the three turbinatedhones or shells (concha), and three spaces or passages directlyunderneath them, named as follows: the superior meatus (or passage)beneath the superior concha (or shell); the middle meatus beneath themiddle concha; and the inferior meatus beneath the inferior concha- ^ By air is meant the atmospheric air by which we are surrounded. It consistsprincipally of the two gases, oxygen and nitrogen, one hundred parts by weight of air,containing a little more than twenty of oxygen () and a little less than eighty ofnitrogen (). It is the oxygen which is the essential part of inspired air. THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS AND RESPIRATION. 203 The nasal cavities and all of the sinuses which communicatewith them are lined with mucous membrane, which prevents thedrying effect of the air upon the passages, tends to arrest foreignparticles, and moderates the temperature of the air on its way tothe Fig. 147.—Nasal Cavity and Naso-pharynx (From Deavers Surgical Anatomy). b, Superior turbinal; a, superior meatus; c, middle turbinal; s, middle meatus; d,inferior turbinal; e, inferior meatus; g, i, j, tongue; k, hyoid bone; p, q, r, sphenoidl>one and sphenoidal sinus; t, naso-pharjmx; v, hard palate (floor of nose). The remaining references are explained in another chapter (p. 126). The Pharynx. The pharynx is the space behind the nose, mouth, and use is to transmit ar from the nose, and food from the an air-passage it is included with the respiratory organs. (Theair passes from the nose through the pharynx to the larynx.) 204 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR NURSES. The Larynx. The larynx is situated below the hyoid bone, in front of thepharynx, and projects slightly forward in the neck. It is con-structed of fibro-cartilages connected with each other by ligamentsand lined by mucous membrane. Thelargest fibro-cart
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