Report on the production, technology, and uses of petroleum and its products . does not lie in regular beds or veins, but in irregularmasses in the midst of sandstones and conglomerates, of the form of which no general description will give an idea,except that a sort of parallelism may be observed among them, and that each mass consists essentially of a centralportion of considerable thickness, which gradually thins out in all directions to zero. In no case does the bitumenpenetrate the roof above the mass, but was evidently injected from below. The following illustration (Fig. 2) showsat a gl
Report on the production, technology, and uses of petroleum and its products . does not lie in regular beds or veins, but in irregularmasses in the midst of sandstones and conglomerates, of the form of which no general description will give an idea,except that a sort of parallelism may be observed among them, and that each mass consists essentially of a centralportion of considerable thickness, which gradually thins out in all directions to zero. In no case does the bitumenpenetrate the roof above the mass, but was evidently injected from below. The following illustration (Fig. 2) showsat a glance a deposit that has furnished an enormous quantity of bitumen. A depth of 3 meters ( feet) is not rare a L. J. Englestrom: The Geological Magazine, iv, 160. b Gazetta Chemica Italiana, vii, 1; B. D. C. G., 1877, 293; C. N., xxxv, 156. c LesMondes, October, 1865. d B. S. G. F., xxv, 20. Translated from French rendering. e Ibid. f This passage and the others £iTren above can be found in the original in Bui. Soc. Geo. de France, xxv, 20. g B. S. G. P., xxv, 20. MAP I. Map showing the Distribution of Bitumen throughout the World. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF PETROLEUM. 33 in the thickest places. The bitumen is almost always of very great purity, and generally consists of compact, veryhomogeneous masses, very black, brilliant, tarnished upon the surface, very friable, with a resinous fracture, softeningby percussion or heat, and with a pronounced asphaltic odor. The ancient workings have caved in, making their exploration no longer possible. It appears, to judge bytradition, and, above all, from the ancient workings, now overgrown with oaks many centuries old, that theexploitation reaches back to a time anterior to Strabo; because we read in that author that, following Posidonius,the bituminous earth, which he calls ampelites, was a remedy against the worms that eat the vines, the worms bythis means being destroyed before they had ascended the trunk to the young sprouts. This met
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