. Bulletin. Ethnology. Figure 40.—Gold and emerald pendants, a, Gold setting; b, emerald from setting; c, emerald in cross section, showing systems of drilling. (All actual size.) (After Lothrop, 1937, figs. 181 and 180.) Metallurgy.—From a metallurgical point of view the artifacts of Code are most closely related to those of the western Isthmus (Chiriqui and Veraguas) and Colombia. The chief metallurgical processes are cast- ing, hammering, welding, soldering, and gilding. Many objects were hollow-cast over a clay core by the cire-perdue method, which makes pos- sible the creation of elaborat
. Bulletin. Ethnology. Figure 40.—Gold and emerald pendants, a, Gold setting; b, emerald from setting; c, emerald in cross section, showing systems of drilling. (All actual size.) (After Lothrop, 1937, figs. 181 and 180.) Metallurgy.—From a metallurgical point of view the artifacts of Code are most closely related to those of the western Isthmus (Chiriqui and Veraguas) and Colombia. The chief metallurgical processes are cast- ing, hammering, welding, soldering, and gilding. Many objects were hollow-cast over a clay core by the cire-perdue method, which makes pos- sible the creation of elaborate filigree work. Gilding was chiefly by the mise-en-couleur process. Alloys are combinations of gold and copper with silver present as an impurity (tumbaga). Relatively pure copper ob- jects are found, but most of the pieces which now appear to be copper actually contain some gold and originally were gilded. Ornaments made by cold-hammering are relatively more numerous than in any region ex- cept the former Inca Empire. Trade.—The Code area was unusually active in trade, and the Coclesano maintained commercial relations with distant lands. For in- stance, agate, which came to Code apparently from northern Colombia, was manufactured in products of Code style and then shipped toward Central America. Code pendants of agate have been found not only in Veraguas and Chiriqui but as far away as Oaxaca in Mexico. Code re- ceived objects of gold from the Sinu and Quimbaya regions in Colombia, emeralds from Colombia or more probably Ecuador, Gold pendants from Code, on the other hand, have turned up in Yucatan. This trade activity in part explains the basis of Code art. Beyond that, however, are stylistic traditions from farther away, from the Amazon Basin and Peril. These must have blended with a cultural current from. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illu
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booksubjectethnolo, bookyear1901
