. A practical course in botany, with especial reference to its bearings on agriculture, economics, and sanitation. Botany. Fig. 159. —Expand- ing bud of English wal- nut, showing twice con- duplicate vernation. Fig. 160.—A partly expanded leaf of beech, showing plicate- conduplicate vernation. 161 many different ways, according to the shape and texture of the leaf and the space available for it in the bud. When doubled back and forth like a fan, or crum- pled and folded as in the buckeye, horse-chestnut, and maple, the "vernation is -plicate (Figs. 160, 162). 156. Position of the flower c
. A practical course in botany, with especial reference to its bearings on agriculture, economics, and sanitation. Botany. Fig. 159. —Expand- ing bud of English wal- nut, showing twice con- duplicate vernation. Fig. 160.—A partly expanded leaf of beech, showing plicate- conduplicate vernation. 161 many different ways, according to the shape and texture of the leaf and the space available for it in the bud. When doubled back and forth like a fan, or crum- pled and folded as in the buckeye, horse-chestnut, and maple, the "vernation is -plicate (Figs. 160, 162). 156. Position of the flower cluster. — What do you find within the circle of leaves? Examine one of the smaller axillary buds, and see if you find the same object within it. If you are in any doubt as to what this object is, examine a bud that is more expanded, and you will have no difficulty in recognizing it as a rudimentary flower cluster. Notice its position with refer- ence to the scales and leaves. If at the center of the bud, it will, of course, termi- nate its axis when the bud expands, and the growth of the branch will culminate in the flower. The branching of any kind of stem that bears a central flower cluster must, then, be of what order ? Compare your draw- ings with the section of a hyacinth bulb or jonquil, and note the similarity in position of the flower clusters. In a bud of the hick-. 162 Figs. 161,162.—Buds of maple : 161, vertical section of a twig; 162, cross section through bud, showing folded leaves in center and scales surrounding Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Andrews, Eliza Frances, b. 1840; Lloyd, Francis Ernest, 1868-1947. ed. New York, Cincinnati [etc. ] American book company
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