. The ocean carrier; a history and analysis of the service and a discussion of the rates of ocean transportation . politics and not dominated by a fetish-like dependence on sea power and sea government support of the Cunard Line wasnever violently withdrawn. Upon the failure of the Collins Line, the InmanLine swung its Philadelphia service to New Yorkand took the Collins dates and kept up the bi-weekly service. In i860 it became weekly,1863 three in two weeks, and in 1866 semi-weekly in summer. Another sturdy American, Vanderbilt, triedto follow in the footsteps of Collins and
. The ocean carrier; a history and analysis of the service and a discussion of the rates of ocean transportation . politics and not dominated by a fetish-like dependence on sea power and sea government support of the Cunard Line wasnever violently withdrawn. Upon the failure of the Collins Line, the InmanLine swung its Philadelphia service to New Yorkand took the Collins dates and kept up the bi-weekly service. In i860 it became weekly,1863 three in two weeks, and in 1866 semi-weekly in summer. Another sturdy American, Vanderbilt, triedto follow in the footsteps of Collins and get asubsidy for a route to the continent. He laboredhard in this cause and, failing to get a subsidy,he determined to put on steamers anyhow. In1855 h® began service from New York to Havreand Southampton. The next year he extended itto Bremen and in 1858 he got the contract for car-rying the mail and was paid the amount of theactual postage receipts. In 1861 he gave it upand sold most of his steamers to go to the Pacific,and retired from the Atlantic carrying trade. The year 1856 witnessed the founding of a. i u Line Traffic and its Extension 127 line, the second attempt, which was probablymore nearly a freight line than any other of theperiod—the Anchor Line from Glasgow to NewYork. This service, with its greater dependenceupon freight, marks another stage in the progressof the development of line traffic and of the replac-ing of sail by steam lines. From 1850 until 1870this replacing continued steadily, and with in-creasing speed. The new lines were usually steamlines, and the old lines gradually changed theirvessels from sail to steam. The Hamburg-American Packet Company, incorporated in 1847,had sailing vessels only, for nine years, and thenin 1856 a screw steamer was added. Othersfollowed and in i860 the nine remaining sailingvessels on the line were replaced by four newsteamers and fortnightly sailings to New Yorkwere inaugurated. The old Black Ball Line, the pioneer
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1900, booki, booksubjectmerchantmarine
