History of the United States from the earliest discovery of America to the end of 1902 . ere other secret leagues, like the LigaFilipina, with the same aim, most of thempeaceful. Not so the Katipunan, whichadopted as its symbol the well-known ini-tials, K. K. K., Kataas-Tassan, Kaga-lang-Galang, Katipunan, sovereign wor-shipful association. If the Ku-Klux Klandid not give the hint for the societys sym-bol the programmes of the two organiza- Abridged from Report of Taft Commission. 1899] UNITED STATES IN THE ORIENT 273 tions were alike. The Katipunan wasprobably the most potent factor in theins
History of the United States from the earliest discovery of America to the end of 1902 . ere other secret leagues, like the LigaFilipina, with the same aim, most of thempeaceful. Not so the Katipunan, whichadopted as its symbol the well-known ini-tials, K. K. K., Kataas-Tassan, Kaga-lang-Galang, Katipunan, sovereign wor-shipful association. If the Ku-Klux Klandid not give the hint for the societys sym-bol the programmes of the two organiza- Abridged from Report of Taft Commission. 1899] UNITED STATES IN THE ORIENT 273 tions were alike. The Katipunan wasprobably the most potent factor in theinsurrection of cause was felt tobe that of the wholeFilipino people. In December,1897, the conflict, asin Cuba, had degen-erated into a stale-mate. The Span-iard could not beousted, the Filipinocould not be sub-dued. Spain endedthe trouble for thetime by promisingreform, and hiringthe insurgent leadersto leave the a small part,400,000 Mexicandollars, of the promised sum was ever was held in Hong-Kong as a trustfund against a future uprising. VOL. V.—18. Emilio Aguinaldo. 2 74 EXPANSION [1899 Chief among the leaders shipped toHong-Kong was Emilio Aguinaldo. Hewas born March 22, 1869, at Cavite, ofwhich town he subsequently became blood probably contained Spanish,Tagal, and Chinese strains. He had sup-plemented a limited school education byextensive and eager contact with books andmen. To a surprising wealth of informa-tion the young Filipino added inspiring elo-quence and much genius for had the remarkable gift of surround-ing himself with able coadjutors and ad-ministrators. The insurrection of 1896early revealed him as the incarnation ofFilipino hostility to Spain. Judging byappearances—his zeal in 1896, bargain withSpain in 1897, fighting again in Luzon in1898, acquiescence in peace with the UnitedStates, reappearance in arms, capture, andinstant allegiance to our flag — he was ashifty character, little worthy the gr
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