. Appleton's cyclopaedia of American biography . or. This eventstartled the country as a presage of civil war. Theexcitement was universal and profound. The houseof representatives refused to give the two-thirdvote necessary to expel Brooks, but he resigned andappealed to his constituents, and was unanimouslyre-elected. Sumner was long incapacitated fr pub-lic service. On 3 Nov., 1856, he returned to Bostonto vote, and was received with acclamation by thepeople and with the highest honor by the state andcity authorities. On 13 Jan., 1857, he was re-electedsenator, receiving all but ten votes,
. Appleton's cyclopaedia of American biography . or. This eventstartled the country as a presage of civil war. Theexcitement was universal and profound. The houseof representatives refused to give the two-thirdvote necessary to expel Brooks, but he resigned andappealed to his constituents, and was unanimouslyre-elected. Sumner was long incapacitated fr pub-lic service. On 3 Nov., 1856, he returned to Bostonto vote, and was received with acclamation by thepeople and with the highest honor by the state andcity authorities. On 13 Jan., 1857, he was re-electedsenator, receiving all but ten votes, and on 7 March,1857, he sailed for Europe, where he submitted tothe severest medical treatment. With character-istic energy and industry, in the intervals of suffer-ing, he devoted himself to a thorough study of theart and history of engraving. For nearly four years he was absent from hisseat in the senate, which he resumed on 5 Dec., 1859,at the opening of the session. He was still feeble,and took no part in debate until the middle of. 748 SUMNER SUMNER March, and on 4 June, 1860, on the question of ad-mitting Kansas as a free state, he delivered aspeech upon The Barbarism of Slavery, whichshowed his powers untouched and his ardor un-quenched. Mr. Lincoln had been nominated for thepresidency, and Sumners speech was the last com-prehensive word in the parliamentary debate of free-dom and slavery. The controversy could now besettled only by arms. This conviction was un-doubtedly the explanation of the angry silence withwhich the speech was heard in the senate by thefriends of slavery. During the winter of secessionthat followed the election Sumner devoted himselfto the prevention of any form of compromise,believing that it would be only a base and fatalsurrender of constitutional principles, lie madeno speeches during the session. By the withdrawalof southern senators the senate was left with aRepublican majority, and in the reconstruction ofcommittees on 8 March, 1861. Sumner w
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