. An ecological characterization of Coastal Maine (north and east of Cape Elizabeth) . The birds discussed in this chapter are those that breed, migrate, or winter in terrestrial and vegetated palustrine habitats found along the Maine coast. Approximately 70% of the terrestrial birds found in Maine belong to the order Passeriformes, which includes warblers, vireos, flycatchers, thrushes, finches, and blackbirds. The remaining 30% include hawks (Falconiformes); grouse (Galliformes); woodcock, snipe, and killdeer (Charadriiformes); rails (Gruiformes); doves (Columbiformes); owls (Strigiformes);
. An ecological characterization of Coastal Maine (north and east of Cape Elizabeth) . The birds discussed in this chapter are those that breed, migrate, or winter in terrestrial and vegetated palustrine habitats found along the Maine coast. Approximately 70% of the terrestrial birds found in Maine belong to the order Passeriformes, which includes warblers, vireos, flycatchers, thrushes, finches, and blackbirds. The remaining 30% include hawks (Falconiformes); grouse (Galliformes); woodcock, snipe, and killdeer (Charadriiformes); rails (Gruiformes); doves (Columbiformes); owls (Strigiformes); nighthawks and whipoorwills (Caprimulgiformes); swifts and hummingbirds (Apodiformes); and woodpeckers (Piciformes). This chapter does not discuss waterfowl (see chapter 15, "Waterfowl") or seabirds, shorebirds, and wading birds (see chapter 14, "Waterbirds"). Nearly 230 species of terrestrial birds have been observed in Maine. Fifty- seven of these only occur accidentally and are so rare they do not warrant further discussion (appendix table 5). Of the remaining 171 species, 95 are present only during the breeding season (late spring and summer), 51 are permanent residents, 15 are winter residents, and 10 are found only during the spring and fall migrations (tables 16-1 through 16-4). Terrestrial birds are found in all types of terrestrial and vegetated palustrine habitats. They are generally abundant in Maine, as elsewhere, except during winter when terrestrial birds are scarce in Maine. Terrestrial birds are important to people because of their recreational, sporting, and ecological values. People affect birds through habitat alteration, toxic chemicals, and accidental mortality. This chapter summarizes the seasonal occurrence of terrestrial birds in Maine, their habitat preferences, relative abundance, important aspects of migration and reproduction, factors affecting abundance, effects of people on birds, and management recommendations and data gaps. Ad
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