. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. Science. [Annals N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. XXIII, pp. 177-192, 25 February, 1914.] REVISION OF THE GENUS ZAPHRENTIS By Marjorie O'Connell, A. M. {Presented hy title before the Academy, 1 December, 1913) The status of the genus Zaphrentis and of two or three allied genera has been the subject of considerable discussion, opinions as to the generic t3rpes and descriptions varying widely, and being founded, as a rule, not upon the original descriptions but upon their subsequent interpretations. The study whose results are given in the present communicatio
. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. Science. [Annals N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. XXIII, pp. 177-192, 25 February, 1914.] REVISION OF THE GENUS ZAPHRENTIS By Marjorie O'Connell, A. M. {Presented hy title before the Academy, 1 December, 1913) The status of the genus Zaphrentis and of two or three allied genera has been the subject of considerable discussion, opinions as to the generic t3rpes and descriptions varying widely, and being founded, as a rule, not upon the original descriptions but upon their subsequent interpretations. The study whose results are given in the present communication was undertaken for the purpose of establishing the facts of the case. Original descriptions and figures have in all cases been consulted, and the discus- sions and sjmonymies of later writers have been studied and compared. In the older descriptions, which are all in French, it has been necessary for the sake of clearness to introduce modern terminology, but the origi- nal French is given throughout in foot-notes so that verification of the translation and of the interpretation is possible. The genus Zaphrentis was first described in 1820 by Rafinesque and Clifford (1, 234),^ the following characters being noted: Exterior striated, calyx with straight septa, axis almost central, mamellose, striated exceutrically by flexiiose lines diverging from an excentric point near a deep, lateral, oblong gap, dorsal, or situated near the convex curvature. The animal must have had a particular organ corresponding to that gap and to the axis of radiation.^ Five species are described, namely, Z. campanula, Z. phrygia, Z. cari- nata, Z. concava and Z. angulata, all from the Falls of the Ohio, but the descriptions are very indefinite and lacking in detail, and the only form which can be recognized is Z, phrygia. This is characterized as turbinate, wrinkled; calyx oblique, campanulate, center concave, septa lamel- lar ; base curved, obtuse, entire. A small species resembling a Phrygian bon- ne
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