. Collected reprints / Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories [and] Pacific Oceanographic Laboratories. Oceanography THE VERTICAL STRUCTURE OF THE ATMOSPHERIC PLANETARY BOUNDARY LAYER 141 period in the northeast trades of the Pacific, and Augstein (1972) found 5 = 96% for a one-month sequence in the Atlantic southeast trades. These values agree fairly well with our ATEX result of 96%. In general, there are only a few sets of detailed boundary-layer wind observations over the tropical oceans. Ship-based measurements have been reported by Reger (1927), Riehl et al.
. Collected reprints / Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories [and] Pacific Oceanographic Laboratories. Oceanography THE VERTICAL STRUCTURE OF THE ATMOSPHERIC PLANETARY BOUNDARY LAYER 141 period in the northeast trades of the Pacific, and Augstein (1972) found 5 = 96% for a one-month sequence in the Atlantic southeast trades. These values agree fairly well with our ATEX result of 96%. In general, there are only a few sets of detailed boundary-layer wind observations over the tropical oceans. Ship-based measurements have been reported by Reger (1927), Riehl et al. (1951), Augstein (1972), and Holland and Rasmusson (1973). These data are supplemented by pibal, radar, and tethered balloon measurements from small islands by Charnock et al. (1956), Estoque (1971), and De Souza (1972). All these observations, though obtained under different conditions in different geo- graphical regions, have some similar features which are obviously typical for the trades. The average shape of the vertical distribution of wind speed is characterized by a relative maximum in the vicinity of the transition layer. The vertical shear of the wind speed from about 20-m height to this maximum is rather small, with<3|v|/dz^ 10" 3 s-1. The measured changes in wind direction indicate a veering of only 5 to 7 deg below cloud base and up to 15 deg in the cloud layer. The wind components at the three ships averaged over the first and the second ATEX period are sketched in Figure 9. Due to the fact that only a few balloons could be tracked below 500-m height, the profiles up to this level are based on the deck-level winds at about 20-m height and the layer-averaged radar wind between the 20-m and the 500-m level. This procedure causes indeed some uncertainties in the wind profile Fig. 9. The mean profiles of the zonal (m) and meridional (v) wind components during the two ATEX periods. 1206. Please note that these images are extracted fr
Size: 1829px × 1365px
Photo credit: © The Book Worm / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., book, bookcentury1900, bookcollectionamericana, bookleafnumber432
