The story of Scotland from the earliest times to the present century .. . theprovince with an army, and removed many of thepeople from the land of their birth, and placed themin other parts of the country among the mountains. Malcolm died in December, 1165, and his brotherWilliam the Lion, then mounted the throne. TheScotch kings had long desired to annex the northerncounties of England, and the disaffection of Henrysown children presented an opportunity to Northumberland and Cumberland were thennaturally almost absorbed into England. In 1173 II WILLIAM THE LION CAPTURED. 35 Willia
The story of Scotland from the earliest times to the present century .. . theprovince with an army, and removed many of thepeople from the land of their birth, and placed themin other parts of the country among the mountains. Malcolm died in December, 1165, and his brotherWilliam the Lion, then mounted the throne. TheScotch kings had long desired to annex the northerncounties of England, and the disaffection of Henrysown children presented an opportunity to Northumberland and Cumberland were thennaturally almost absorbed into England. In 1173 II WILLIAM THE LION CAPTURED. 35 William led an army across the border and wastedthe north of England. The following year he againinvaded England. When amusing himself he wastaken prisoner by a party of English barons, and hiscapture entailed serious disaster on Scotland. Henry II. had now a chance of obtaining thefeudal superiority over Scotland which he eagerlydesired. So he demanded an unqualified admissionof this, and William gave it as a ransom for hispersonal freedom; and five of the chief castles of. COINS OF WILLIAM THE LION. Scotland were to be placed in Henrys hands. Thistreaty continued in force for fifteen years, and to theday of his death Henry 11. evinced a desire to clingto its fulfilment. In 1189, Richard I, ascended thethrone, and annulled all the concessions extortedfrom William by Henry; the Scots paid to Englandten thousand marks of silver, and the independenceof the kingdom and the castles were restored tothem. Internal conflicts in the kingdom continued. The 36 THE NATION IN 12TH AND l^TH CENTURIES. Norman settlers in Galloway were driven out andslain; and in 1175, the king entered it with anarmy and subdued Gilbert, the local chief. In 1179William invaded the remote district of Ross, subduedit, and erected two castles to support his 1181 to 1188, the districts of Moray and Caith-ness were in revolt, and the local leader, MacWilliam,aspired to the throne of Scotland. In 1187 the
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