. Botany for secondary schools; a guide to the knowledge of the vegetation of the neighborhood. Plants. 276 CONTENTS AND PRODUCTS OF CELLS a thin cross-section of the peripheral cells of a grain of wheat and mount in alcohol. Stain with an alcoholic solution of iodin to color the grains yellow, and examine with the high- est power. Make a sketch of a few layers of cells, just be- neath the epidermis. Make a sketch of a few of the grains removed from the cells. While looking at the mount, run a little water under the cover-glass and watch the result. Make a similar mount and study of the endo-
. Botany for secondary schools; a guide to the knowledge of the vegetation of the neighborhood. Plants. 276 CONTENTS AND PRODUCTS OF CELLS a thin cross-section of the peripheral cells of a grain of wheat and mount in alcohol. Stain with an alcoholic solution of iodin to color the grains yellow, and examine with the high- est power. Make a sketch of a few layers of cells, just be- neath the epidermis. Make a sketch of a few of the grains removed from the cells. While looking at the mount, run a little water under the cover-glass and watch the result. Make a similar mount and study of the endo- sperm of castor-oil seed, or of grape seed. In the castor-oil seed, look for inclusions of large crystaloids and small globoids. In the grape seed, globoids should be found with crystals of calcium oxalate within tHem. This experi- 446 Raphideg of ment will require the power of one-sixth or rhizome of skunk one-fifth inch objective. 467. Cells may contain crystals. Besides the crystals found as inclusions of aleurone grains, many others occur. In onion skin they are prisms; in nightshade they are in the form of crystal flour; in the petioles of the peach they are roundish, with many projecting angles; in the root-stock of skunk cabbage, in the bulbs of hyacinth, and leaves of tradescantia they are needle-shaped and are called raphides. (Fig. 446.) In the leaf of the India-rubber plant (common in greenhouses) are found compound clusters resembling bunches of grapes, which are called cysto- liths. (Fig. 447.) These are concretions and not true crystals. In saxifrage, mineral matter appears as incrustations on the sur- face of the plant. Toward autumn, crystals of calcium oxalate become very abundant in 447. Cystoiith in leaf the leaves of many deciduous trees; examine of rubber plant.— cr0ss-sections of peach petiole in June and Ficus elastica. c r again in October. 468. To study crystals and cystoliths: Section the root- stock of skunk cabbage or Jack-in-the-pulpit, the leaf.
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectplants, bookyear1913
