. Introduction to inorganic chemistry . carborundum, approach it. It may be re-marked in passing, that the hardness of a substance is measured, on anarbitrary scale, by the way in which it is able to scratch smooth sur-faces of other bodies. The corner of one of the natural diamond crys-tals will scratch the surface of almost every other substance, while itssurfaces in turn are scratched by carbide of boron alone. Its specificgravity is about , and it is the densest form of carbon. Pew materi-als are capable of dissolving any of the forms of carbon. Molten iron{) dissolves five or six p
. Introduction to inorganic chemistry . carborundum, approach it. It may be re-marked in passing, that the hardness of a substance is measured, on anarbitrary scale, by the way in which it is able to scratch smooth sur-faces of other bodies. The corner of one of the natural diamond crys-tals will scratch the surface of almost every other substance, while itssurfaces in turn are scratched by carbide of boron alone. Its specificgravity is about , and it is the densest form of carbon. Pew materi-als are capable of dissolving any of the forms of carbon. Molten iron{) dissolves five or six per cent, part of which goes into combina-tion, and a few other substances at high temperatures dissolve muchsmaller quantities. The diamond is a nonconductor of electricity. The largest diamond known, the Jubilee, was exhibited at the ParisExposition of 1900, and weighed 49 g. The Kohinoor weighs 22 diamond, although its origin in nature is still a matter of uncer-tainty, has been made artificially in several ways. Moissan (1887). CARBON AND THE OXIDES OF CARBON 475 dissolved carbon in molten iron and, after chilling the mass so as toproduce a solid crust, -which by its shrinkage severely compressed theinterior, allowed the whole to cool very slowly. Portions of theinterior of the ingot were treated with acid to dissolve the iron, andamongst the insoluble particles were recognized a few microscopicfragments (none larger than mm.) which exhibited the form andhardness of the diamond. The greater part of the carbon, however,appeared as graphite. That the diamond contains nothing but carbon, is shown by thefact that when burned it produces nothing but carbon dioxide. Graphite. — ijraphite (Gk. ypa^ta, I write) is found in Cumber-land, Siberia, Ceylon, and elsewhere. Good crystals are seldomfound, but the form appears to belong to the hexagonal system. Themineral is extremely soft, in utter contrast to the diamond, and has asmaller specific gravity (about ). It conduc
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