. Bulletin. Natural history; Natural history. 284 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Vol. 33, Art. 3 E Z3 â¢^-1 i- <U Z2 1_ E o D o O E E E â =2 â M r3 â¢a E =3 o E â¢f-H =3 CD ^ Q. râ1 c â M O) l*- Iâ1 a fâ1 â¢wâi â¢1â1 ,â1 O ZJ .âH â¢Â»â1 rs â¢,â D1 o 4- o CJ C r3 3 a â¢1â1 o cr 1_ E E CO o LU LU LlJ. It is dissimilar, and appears to be "perfected," in that every egg is exposed and can be tended to individually by the guarding male (Fig. 12). The derivation of egg clustering from darters which attach their eggs to stones requires only that (1) eggs are laid on the undersid
. Bulletin. Natural history; Natural history. 284 Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin Vol. 33, Art. 3 E Z3 â¢^-1 i- <U Z2 1_ E o D o O E E E â =2 â M r3 â¢a E =3 o E â¢f-H =3 CD ^ Q. râ1 c â M O) l*- Iâ1 a fâ1 â¢wâi â¢1â1 ,â1 O ZJ .âH â¢Â»â1 rs â¢,â D1 o 4- o CJ C r3 3 a â¢1â1 o cr 1_ E E CO o LU LU LlJ. It is dissimilar, and appears to be "perfected," in that every egg is exposed and can be tended to individually by the guarding male (Fig. 12). The derivation of egg clustering from darters which attach their eggs to stones requires only that (1) eggs are laid on the underside rather than the tops and sides of rocks, (2) eggs are clustered in close proximity to one another rather than distributed over a broad area, and (3) the male remains and guards the eggs. Laying eggs on the underside rather than on more ex- Fig. 10. - Hypothesized phylo- genetic relationships among some of the species of iVo?/iono?u& Synapo- morphies (black rectangles) are (1) dorsal fin with two red spots at the front, one red spot at the rear, (2l haloed red spots on the side of the male, (Ai egg- clumping behavior. (3) black spots on fins of the female, and i4i red spots on the side of the body. Synapomoi-phous Character states were identified by outgi-oup com- parisons to Etheostoma (Nothon- otus) tippecanoe E. (N.)juliae, and E. (N.) acuticeps. posed areas of rocks probably exposes them to fewer predators although some potential predators, , crayfishes and caddisflies (Brigham et al. 1982), are common under rocks. Once the eggs under the stone are guarded by the male, the survival rate undoubted- ly increases dramatically, and such a concentration of eggs is quickly selected for. Variation in behavior divides egg- clustering species into three groups: (A) those in which both male and fe- male invert only long enough to lay. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced
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Keywords: ., booka, bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectnaturalhistory
