. A manual of educational legislation for the guidance of committees on education in the state legislatures . but the funds arranged for are frequently insufficientto pay the pensions that have been promised. The first system of teacher pensions to be established in the United States is thatof Chicago, which was inaugurated in 1893. Before 1900 seven other systems hadbeen founded. Before 1910 there were 23 more. More than one-half of all systems(36), however, have come into existence since the beginning of 1910. There are nowState-wide pension systems for teachers in 21 States, permissive syst
. A manual of educational legislation for the guidance of committees on education in the state legislatures . but the funds arranged for are frequently insufficientto pay the pensions that have been promised. The first system of teacher pensions to be established in the United States is thatof Chicago, which was inaugurated in 1893. Before 1900 seven other systems hadbeen founded. Before 1910 there were 23 more. More than one-half of all systems(36), however, have come into existence since the beginning of 1910. There are nowState-wide pension systems for teachers in 21 States, permissive systems in 4 1 Information and graphic map taken from report of the National Education Association, Committeeon Salaries, Pensions, and Tenure. 56 MANUAL OF EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION. others, and the local system in 0 more. Thus 34 States are represented in themovement. The existing pension systems are sometimes administered by the superintendentor commissioner of education, sometimes by the board of education, but in nearlyfour-fifths of the systems there is a special pension board or commission or • Pis ill ^ bill 0-S ^ ^ 11 va SiJ ^ 3 These boards have fiom 3 to 11 members. Two-thiids of them have 5 or 7. Forty-nine out of 51 boards reporting include representatives of the teachers, who aregenerally elected by the teachers themselves. In nine-tenths of the systems membership is compulsory for new teachers. Inall the systems retirement is on the basis of from 20 to 40 years of service, most fre-quently 30 years. About one-half of the systems make provision also for retirement teachers salaries, texure, and retirement pensions. 57 on the basis of age, at from 50 to 75 years—most frequently 60 years for both men andwomen. Nearly six-sevenths of the systems have pro\dsions for disability—usuallya proportion of the full pension equal to the proportion of the full years of ser\ before retirement. Teachers contribute to the fund in about six-sevenths of the
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