. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. FERTILIZATION AND SPERM MODELS 23. Figure 2. Three-dimensional representation of observed mean fer- tilization rates for Acanlhasler planet at Davies Reef. Values used were means obtained from Table I for variations in fertilization at a range of coordinates surrounding a spawning male starfish. Current flows from left to right along the downstream (x) axis. (Missing data points inter- polated using graphics features of SigmaPlot 5.) stream, and to at 8 m upstream (Table I). Fertilization rates dropped more rapidly as f
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. FERTILIZATION AND SPERM MODELS 23. Figure 2. Three-dimensional representation of observed mean fer- tilization rates for Acanlhasler planet at Davies Reef. Values used were means obtained from Table I for variations in fertilization at a range of coordinates surrounding a spawning male starfish. Current flows from left to right along the downstream (x) axis. (Missing data points inter- polated using graphics features of SigmaPlot 5.) stream, and to at 8 m upstream (Table I). Fertilization rates dropped more rapidly as female starfish were moved away from the direct downstream (.Y) axis (Fig. 2). For ex- ample, no fertilization was recorded at 4 m downstream and 4 m normal, but at 8 m downstream, the sperm plume had diffused outward to the extent that mean fertilization was at 4 m normal to the downstream axis. At 32 m downstream, fertilization was still measurable () at 16 m perpendicular to the direct downstream axis, rising to at 8 m and at 4 m perpendicular. For trials with more than one starfish, fertilization rates were expected to be higher than for single starfish at cor- responding distances (Table I). This was not always the case, however, partly because these trials were conducted later in the season when the starfish had smaller gonads and partly because of the variability related to smaller sample sizes. Nevertheless, the average fertilization rate at 100 m downstream was when five male starfish were induced to spawn. The maximum fertilization rate recorded at 100 m in trials with five males was 42%. Fer- tilization rates from starfish at Sesoko Island were lower than those from starfish at Davies Reef at equivalent dis- tances downstream (Table I). Effects of current speed on observed fertilization rates were slight and not significant over the range of current speeds experienced (Stepwise regression. Distance down- stream: partial r = , F= ,
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