The history of the decline and fall of the Roman empire . emblanceof manners and opinions. The language and laws of the Koranwere studied with equal devotion at Samarcand and Seville:the Moor and the Indian embraced as countrymen and brothersin the pilgrimage of Mecca; and the Arabian language wasadopted as the popular idiom in all the provinces to the west-ward of the 2^^ See the article Eslamiah (as we say Christendom) in the Biblioth^que Orien-tale (p. 325). This chart of the Mahometan world is suited by the author, EbnAlwardi, to the year of the Hegira 386 ( 996). Since that
The history of the decline and fall of the Roman empire . emblanceof manners and opinions. The language and laws of the Koranwere studied with equal devotion at Samarcand and Seville:the Moor and the Indian embraced as countrymen and brothersin the pilgrimage of Mecca; and the Arabian language wasadopted as the popular idiom in all the provinces to the west-ward of the 2^^ See the article Eslamiah (as we say Christendom) in the Biblioth^que Orien-tale (p. 325). This chart of the Mahometan world is suited by the author, EbnAlwardi, to the year of the Hegira 386 ( 996). Since that time, the losses inSpain have been overbalanced by the conquests in India, Tartary, and EuropeanTurkey. ^2 The Arabic of the Koran is taught as a dead language in the college ofMecca. By the Danish traveller, this ancient idiom is compared to the Latin ;the vulgar tongue of Hejaz and Yemen to the Italian ; and the Arabian dialects ofSyria, Egypt, Africa, &c. to the Provencal, Spanish, and Portuguese (Niebuhr,Description de IArabie, p. 74, &c.).. COINS, FROM JUSTIN II TO BASIL II AND CONSTANTINE VIII(see list of illustrations) APPENDIX ADDITIONAIi NOTES BY THE EDITOR 1. AXJTHOBITIESGeeek (and otheb) Sources Fob the later part of his history Menander (for whom see above, vol. iv. Appendix1, p. 550) had access to the direct knowledge of contemporaries who were concernedin the political events. For the earlier years he possibly used Theophanes ofByzantium, who related in ten Books the events from 566 to 581.^ Some ex-tracts from Theophanes have been preserved by Photius (Miiller, F. H. G. iv. 270;Dindorf, Hist. Greec. Min. vol. i.). Johannes of Epiphania (see Evagrius, 5, 24) also wrote a history which over-lapped with those of Theophanes and Menander. Beginning with 572 it camedown to 598, and was chiefly concerned with Persian affairs, on which Johanneswas well informed, being acquainted with Chosroes II. and other influential Per-sians, and knowing the geography
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