. Studies in bird migration . ve their rocky nurseriesand take to the neighbouring sea. The following speciesparticipate in these July local migrations : Grey Lag-Goose, Mallard, Shoveler, Redshank, Golden Plover,Lapwing, Ring-Plover, Oyster-catcher, Greenshank,Dunlin, Snipe, Whimbrel, Curlew, Arctic and CommonTerns, Black-headed Gull, Common Gull, Kittiwake,Great Skua, Arctic Skua, Guillemot, Razorbill, Pufiin,and doubtless others which have not come under myobservation, for these retirements are very gradually and PLATE IV. The Advance of AutumnAfter A. G. Hogbom The advent of autumn is proc
. Studies in bird migration . ve their rocky nurseriesand take to the neighbouring sea. The following speciesparticipate in these July local migrations : Grey Lag-Goose, Mallard, Shoveler, Redshank, Golden Plover,Lapwing, Ring-Plover, Oyster-catcher, Greenshank,Dunlin, Snipe, Whimbrel, Curlew, Arctic and CommonTerns, Black-headed Gull, Common Gull, Kittiwake,Great Skua, Arctic Skua, Guillemot, Razorbill, Pufiin,and doubtless others which have not come under myobservation, for these retirements are very gradually and PLATE IV. The Advance of AutumnAfter A. G. Hogbom The advent of autumn is proclaimed by the same degree of temperatureas that which ushered in the spring. The map shows the dates of thereturn of isotherm 48° F., and its march southwards over the various regionsof Europe. The appearance of autumnal climatic conditions has an important bearingupon the dates on which the different kinds of summer birds quit the morenorthern portions of the Continent to proceed to winter retreats in warmerclimes. Plate IV. THE BRITISH ISLES: AUTUMN 145 almost imperceptibly performed. I have noticed, how-ever, for several years, that the invasion of their hauntsby sportsmen on the 12th of August causes certainspecies to quit the moorlands, and on that day numbersof Curlews and Golden Plovers pass over the environs ofEdinburgh, making for the shores of the Firth of Forth. These local movements continue throughout theearly autumn, and there is no further necessity to alludeto them, since they relate to the return of the samespecies which have been mentioned as seeking theirsummer haunts during the spring. Departure of Summer Visitors.—During July, especi-ally towards the end of the month, there are recordsfrom the light-stations which unmistakably indicate thatthe departure of certain species from our islands hasalready commenced. These early Sittings, with a fewexceptions, must be regarded as somewhat unusual, andpossibly due to the disturbing influence of local meteoro-log
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