. Deep-sea biodiversity and ecosystems - a scoping report on their socio-economy, management and governance. UNEP-WCMC Biodiversity Series 28. Deep-sea biodiversity and ecosystems. 3D map of the Sedlo Seamounts, north of the Azores, Atlantic. Base depth ca. 2 500 metres, minimum summit depth 750 metres. manganese nodules, found on some abyssal plains, support distinct ecosystems (Wellsbury etai, 1997], SEAMOUNTS Seamounts are underwater mountains of generally tectonic and/or volcanic origin, often (but not exclusively! found on the edges of tectonic plates and mid-ocean ridges. Seamounts are p
. Deep-sea biodiversity and ecosystems - a scoping report on their socio-economy, management and governance. UNEP-WCMC Biodiversity Series 28. Deep-sea biodiversity and ecosystems. 3D map of the Sedlo Seamounts, north of the Azores, Atlantic. Base depth ca. 2 500 metres, minimum summit depth 750 metres. manganese nodules, found on some abyssal plains, support distinct ecosystems (Wellsbury etai, 1997], SEAMOUNTS Seamounts are underwater mountains of generally tectonic and/or volcanic origin, often (but not exclusively! found on the edges of tectonic plates and mid-ocean ridges. Seamounts are prominent and ubiquitous geological features. Based on satellite data, the location of U 287 large seamounts with summit heights of more than 1 000 metres above the surrounding area has been predicted. This is likely to be an underestimate: there may be up to 100 000 large seamounts worldwide. Seamounts often have a complex topography of terraces, pinnacles, ridges, crevices and craters, and they are subject to, and interact with, the water currents surrounding them. This leads to a variety of living conditions and substrates providing suitable habitat for rich and diverse communities. Although only a few large seamounts have been subject to detailed biological studies (Clark ef at., 2006). it appears that seamounts can act as biodiversity hotspots, attracting top pelagic predators and migratory species, such as whales, sharks, tuna or rays, as well as hosting an often-unique bottom fauna with a large number of endemic species (Richer de Forges ef ai, 2000], The deep-water fish stocks around seamounts have been, and are, increasingly targeted by commercial fisheries. Bottom trawling causes severe impacts on benthic seamount communities, and without sustainable manage- ment can deplete fish stocks within a few years ("boom and bust" fisheries). The flanks of some seamounts. especially in the equatorial Pacific, contain cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts, which are attrac
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