. The Canadian field-naturalist. 1971 Bergerud: Forage oe Newfoundland Caribou 45 MAP OF NEWFOUNDLAND REFERENCE Ij (D RANGES STUDIED 1957-59 C? + RANGES STUDIED IN 1956 ( AHTI, 1959 ) SEE TABLE NO. I. Figure 4. Locations in Newfoundland where the plant composition was measured: the Numbers refer to the place names listed in Table 1. Abundance of forage on winter range Terrestrial Lichens The abundance of terrestrial Lichens varied greatly between winter ranges (Table 5). The best supplies were available on the winter pas- tures of the Avalon Peninsula and Humber River herds and in the Eastern
. The Canadian field-naturalist. 1971 Bergerud: Forage oe Newfoundland Caribou 45 MAP OF NEWFOUNDLAND REFERENCE Ij (D RANGES STUDIED 1957-59 C? + RANGES STUDIED IN 1956 ( AHTI, 1959 ) SEE TABLE NO. I. Figure 4. Locations in Newfoundland where the plant composition was measured: the Numbers refer to the place names listed in Table 1. Abundance of forage on winter range Terrestrial Lichens The abundance of terrestrial Lichens varied greatly between winter ranges (Table 5). The best supplies were available on the winter pas- tures of the Avalon Peninsula and Humber River herds and in the Eastern Interior (Num- bers 9 and 10, Figure 4). These ranges had 2-3 times more lichens by weight than sub- alpine ranges in the central and western inter- ior (Table 3). However, a comparison of total weights may not be entirely valid. In Sweden reindeer do not eat the rotten, jelly-like base of the dead lichen plant (Skunke 1963:157). Russian reindeer show a similar behaviorism (Larin et al. 1937). Thus, not all the weight advantage of the heavier lichen woodland stands is useful. A comparison between areas, of the living length of lichen filaments reduced the discrepancy between subalpine and lichen woodland supplies to a ratio of 1 Possibly the central subalpine region had about Vz the palatable fruticose ground lichens as the east- ern lichen woodlands. The wide divergence in the densities of rein- deer lichens between regions was attributed to site exposure. Cladonia lichens are delicate and require protective snow cover (Larin et al. 1937, Hustich 1951:26). Lichens were taller at lower elevations (Figure 7) where they were less exposed to wind. Also, shrub height, an index of exposure, was positively correlated with the height of the lichen mat between ranges (r=, n=12) and within quadrats, all ranges combined (Figure 8). Both lichen height and the extent of lichen cover on the ground contributed to weight, but cover was slightly better correlated (Table 6 and Figure
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