. A history of architecture in Italy from the time of Constantine to the dawn of the renaissance. Fig. 338. Plan of S. Martino. THE MONASTERIES 153 rior, beyond which, but separated by a square apartment whose useis not known, was the chapter-house, larger than either of those abovementioned,—a double square in plan, divided by a line of threegrouped piers into two aisles, each covered by four square groinedvaults with dividing pointed arches and moulded ribs. The chapter-house nearly closed one side of what seems to have been a secondcloister, — the first adjoining the church, and the two sep
. A history of architecture in Italy from the time of Constantine to the dawn of the renaissance. Fig. 338. Plan of S. Martino. THE MONASTERIES 153 rior, beyond which, but separated by a square apartment whose useis not known, was the chapter-house, larger than either of those abovementioned,—a double square in plan, divided by a line of threegrouped piers into two aisles, each covered by four square groinedvaults with dividing pointed arches and moulded ribs. The chapter-house nearly closed one side of what seems to have been a secondcloister, — the first adjoining the church, and the two separated by arange of buildings which was probably either a dormitory or a refec-tory, or possibly both ?Mf ?••?? Fig. 339. S. Martino. Longitudinal Section. CHAPTER VIIITHE GOTHIC In entering on the Gotliic period in the architecture of Italy weseem to be in the midst of a new order of things, as well in thesocial as in the religious and political life of the people. As theearlier Romanesque architecture, particularly that of the Lombardschool, spoke of the sombre conditions of the dark ages, in which thepeople, the sport and prey of kings, nobles, and priests, scarcely roseabove the beasts of the field, so the Gothic which replaced or followedit in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries represented the newer,freer, more active and hopeful life into which the struggling peopleslowly emerged. At the opening of this period, the arts and gracesof life were still shut up within the walls of the monasteries ; alloutside was war and turmoil, with intervals of torpor and another century had passed, a new sense had possessed thepeople, and a new relation was esta
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