Contributions in geographical exploration . l explosion craters have been formed along thefissures. These have rims of ejecta four or five feet in heightand ten feet or so in diameter. The steam was issuing fromcracks in their throats, similar to those occurring in the surfaceof the fissure, (Example, No. 29, page 272). Surface fissures are the most abundant type of vents inthe Valley. Over half the areas which we visited were of thistype. Some of them were easily accessible, but, in order to March, V.)V.)\ Tcmperaliires of Ten TJioiisand Smokes 259 work others, it was necessary for one man to
Contributions in geographical exploration . l explosion craters have been formed along thefissures. These have rims of ejecta four or five feet in heightand ten feet or so in diameter. The steam was issuing fromcracks in their throats, similar to those occurring in the surfaceof the fissure, (Example, No. 29, page 272). Surface fissures are the most abundant type of vents inthe Valley. Over half the areas which we visited were of thistype. Some of them were easily accessible, but, in order to March, V.)V.)\ Tcmperaliires of Ten TJioiisand Smokes 259 work others, it was necessary for one man to hold the recordinginstrument while the other held the thermocouple and movedit from crack to crack. In this way we recorded a number ofdifferent temperatures from each area until we found themaximum. 3. Large steamers: Large irregular holes resulting fromthe cave-in of the roofs of wide fissures. They emit a largecolumn of steam under pressure and are very conspicuousand most common near the liigh mud ?.^i^n<< . ^
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