Applied anatomy and kinesiology, the mechanism of muscular movement . (Swedish.) dangerous to the structure of the joint; if one should strike a blowforward vigorously in this position (Fig. 61) the head of the humeruswould probably go straight back through the posterior side of thecapsule of the joint. The use of the exercise, taken in the normalway, is justified even for posture, because it shifts the balance ofthe trunk and leads the untrained pupil to tip backward at thewaist line until he is trained to maintain normal posture underchanging conditions. 112 MOVEMENTS OF THE SHOULDER-JOINT R
Applied anatomy and kinesiology, the mechanism of muscular movement . (Swedish.) dangerous to the structure of the joint; if one should strike a blowforward vigorously in this position (Fig. 61) the head of the humeruswould probably go straight back through the posterior side of thecapsule of the joint. The use of the exercise, taken in the normalway, is justified even for posture, because it shifts the balance ofthe trunk and leads the untrained pupil to tip backward at thewaist line until he is trained to maintain normal posture underchanging conditions. 112 MOVEMENTS OF THE SHOULDER-JOINT Raising Arms Forward (German, Sargent).—These are normalmovements involving no new problems except that of balance ofthe trunk, which will be discussed in a later chapter. Arm Parting (Swedish) and Swinging Arms Sideward (German,Sargent).—These are all taken from the previous exercise as astarting-point and are all normal extensions of the shoulder-joint,excepting that the Swedish movement is continued as far as pos-sible into overextension and has palms Fig. 62.—The normal forward position of the arm as used in pushing andstriking, the scapula being considerably abducted. Raising Arms Sideward-upward and Forward-upward.—These arenormal elevations of the arms to vertical position, taken in theGerman and Sargent systems for muscular development and inthe Swedish system for chest expansion. The upward rotation ofthe scapula lifts on the pectoralis minor and through it lifts on theribs, while the elevation of the humerus acts in the same way onthe pectoralis major and those fibers of the latissimus that arisefrom the ribs, so that the movement may well aid in chest expan-sion. Many writers mention the serratus as an elevator of the ribs, GYMNASTIC MOVEMENTS 113 but it is difficult to see how it can do so directly, since it pulls downon quite as many ribs as it pulls up; it seems more likely that itacts only indirectly by rotating the scapula and thus works throughthe
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