A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Fig. 92.—Coprinus slercorarius withyoung and mature sporophores with gills,basidia and basidiospores and cystidia.{After Brefeld.) MUSHROOMS AND TOADSTOOLS 233 the gills. As the pileus expands the membrane becomes detached firstat the margin of the cap, and it falls down around the stipe, as a frill,plaited in delicate folds, corresponding to the former lines of contactwith the lamellse and is now known as the annulus supcrus, frill, orarmilla. Special milk tubes are found in such forms as species of Lac-tariiis for when these toadstools are wounde
A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Fig. 92.—Coprinus slercorarius withyoung and mature sporophores with gills,basidia and basidiospores and cystidia.{After Brefeld.) MUSHROOMS AND TOADSTOOLS 233 the gills. As the pileus expands the membrane becomes detached firstat the margin of the cap, and it falls down around the stipe, as a frill,plaited in delicate folds, corresponding to the former lines of contactwith the lamellse and is now known as the annulus supcrus, frill, orarmilla. Special milk tubes are found in such forms as species of Lac-tariiis for when these toadstools are wounded a milky fluid oozes out indrops. Each basidium usually bears four basidiospores, sometimesthere_are two. The color of these spores is distinctive, and is used in. Fig. 93.—Deadly amanita {Amanita muscaria) showing volva at base of stemand frill, like stem ring. {After Chestnut, V. K., Bull. 175, U. S. Dept. Agric., pi. i,Apr. 29, 1915-) J the classification of the genera of the family. We distinguish thewhite-spored, rosy-spored, ochre-spored (yellow or brown), brown-spored, black-spored agarics. Buller in his Researches on Fungi (1909) has carried on detailedstudies with numerous species of gill fungi and has studied the physi-ology and mechanics of spore discharge and fall. The disposal of thehymenium beneath a pileus on gills, the rigidity of the fruit body, thegrowth movements of the fruit body, all facilitate the distribution of thedischarged basidiospores. The spores liberated from a pileus in per- 234 MYCOLOGY fectly still air placed above a horizontal sheet of paper fall verticallydownward and produce a spore print of radiating lines of spores cor-responding to the interlamellar spaces. The number of spores liberatedin Agaricus {Psall
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