. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 212 G. L. SHINN which the capsules are not infective. In contrast, the encapsulated embryos of Syn- disyrinx franciscanus must complete their two-month embryogenic period in the sea before they are infective (Shinn, 1983b). General conclusions The life cycle of Anoplodium hymanae (Fig. 8) resembles that of the intestine inhabiting umagillid Syndisyrinx franciscanus in having fully embryonated capsules as the infective stage, and in having a simple life cycle (, no intermediate hosts are required; Shinn, 1983b). As far as
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 212 G. L. SHINN which the capsules are not infective. In contrast, the encapsulated embryos of Syn- disyrinx franciscanus must complete their two-month embryogenic period in the sea before they are infective (Shinn, 1983b). General conclusions The life cycle of Anoplodium hymanae (Fig. 8) resembles that of the intestine inhabiting umagillid Syndisyrinx franciscanus in having fully embryonated capsules as the infective stage, and in having a simple life cycle (, no intermediate hosts are required; Shinn, 1983b). As far as is known, escape of infective stages of A. hymanae from the coelom depends upon the defense mechanisms of the host rather than specific adaptations of the parasite. The only major difference in the reproductive biology of. FIGURE 8. Life history of Anoplodium hymanae. A. Anoplodium hymanae releases egg capsules into the perivisceral coelom of the host. B. Capsules are encapsulated by host coelomocytes and collected into large masses called brown bodies. Brown bodies accumulate among suspensors of the rectum, then pass through ducts in the wall of the host's rectum and out the anus to the sea. At the time of release, encapsulated embryos are in various stages of development. C. Embryos complete development outside the host; developed embryos will survive in the capsules for many months but will not hatch if they remain in sea water. D. Egg capsules containing developed embryos are ingested as Stichopus californicus feeds on epibenthic detritus. E. Larvae hatch in response to digestive fluids in the upper intestine of the host; hatchlings escape the column of mucus-ensheathed detritus as it passes down the intestine. F. Larvae ascend the respiratory trees where the latter join the intestine. G. Larvae penetrate the wall of the respiratory trees and enter the perivisceral coelom of the new Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have b
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Keywords: ., bookauthorlilliefrankrat, booksubjectbiology, booksubjectzoology
