. Karakoram and western Himalaya 1909, an account of the expedition of H. R. H. Prince Luigi Amadeo of Savoy, duke of the Abruzzi. that the glacier came down farther in 1892 thanin 186P; while H. F. Montagnier in June, 1903, found the Baltoropressing with its right edge against the moraine ridge which I havedescribed, on the wall of the valley. The latter was rapidly disintegratingand rolling its pebbles down upon the If so the snout must ^ See report of discussion after the lecture of Sir W. M. Conway at the Roy. Geog. Soc, inOeog. Jour. 2, 1893, p. 301. - Verbal communication made
. Karakoram and western Himalaya 1909, an account of the expedition of H. R. H. Prince Luigi Amadeo of Savoy, duke of the Abruzzi. that the glacier came down farther in 1892 thanin 186P; while H. F. Montagnier in June, 1903, found the Baltoropressing with its right edge against the moraine ridge which I havedescribed, on the wall of the valley. The latter was rapidly disintegratingand rolling its pebbles down upon the If so the snout must ^ See report of discussion after the lecture of Sir W. M. Conway at the Roy. Geog. Soc, inOeog. Jour. 2, 1893, p. 301. - Verbal communication made to me by M. Montagnier in London, Dec. 1910. From Askoley to Rdokass. 17) have retreated about 300 yards between 1903 and 1909, an insignificantshrinkage in an ice-stream about 36 miles long. ^ The front throughout its whole extent is formed of live ice downto the bottom, without any fringe of moraine. At the foot of the wallthere are merely a few scattered blocks of medium size, and a httlefarther down no tiace of moraine detritus is to be found on the levelalluvial vallev bottom. This entire absence of frontal moraine in a. THK ENU OF THE (. lER AND THE SOVRCE OF THE BIAHO TORRENT. glaciey so vast and so entirely covered by a thick layer of morainematerial, whose snout seems to have remained about in the same placefor the last fifty years, is certainly amazing. The ANorkmans haveobserved the same absence of frontal moraine in several of the greatglaciers explored by them, while sometimes othere quite close to themwould have their whole frontage covered with high and thick moraines. • Guillarmods book does not give any exact data as to the look of the front of the Baltoioin 1902. The article of Dr. Pfaitsl in Zeit. d. dent. «. oeat. Alpenver. 35, 1904, p. 96, containsan illustration showing the mouth of the Biafo river and the snout of the slaeier. where they seemto have the same aijpearance and cliaracter as tliat noted by us in 1909. 176 Cha))ttr X. Our theoiies as to
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