. Handbook of railroad construction; for the use of American engineers. Containing the necessary rules, tables, and formulæ for the location, construction, equipment, and management of railroads, as built in the United States .. . Fig. 136 gives the most direct bearing, is compact, andbrings the fibres at top and bottom more directly in oppo-sition with the compressive and extensive strains. The topof the rail being curved to a radius of ten or twelve inche;-,the load is applied nearly to a single point; whence thewhole resistance in fig. 137, depends upon the lateral resist-ance of the piece
. Handbook of railroad construction; for the use of American engineers. Containing the necessary rules, tables, and formulæ for the location, construction, equipment, and management of railroads, as built in the United States .. . Fig. 136 gives the most direct bearing, is compact, andbrings the fibres at top and bottom more directly in oppo-sition with the compressive and extensive strains. The topof the rail being curved to a radius of ten or twelve inche;-,the load is applied nearly to a single point; whence thewhole resistance in fig. 137, depends upon the lateral resist-ance of the piece abed to being pushed down. An objection is sometimes made to fig. 136, on the groundthat it splits off on the line nn: this will not be the casewhen the head is joined to the web by a proper curve, as in 24 278 HANDBOOK OF RAILROAD CONSTRUCTION. Fis. fig. 136. This splitting oti happens full as often in fig. 137,as may be seen where it is in use ; and it might be supposedto act in that manner; because if the weight is transferredat all from the point of application to the web, it must be inthe direction ef. The rails in present use upon our roads, weigh from fiftyto seventy-five lbs. per lineal yard; and are laid upon crossties placed at a distance of from two and one half to fourfeet from centre to centre. OF THE ACTUAL DIMENSIONS OF RAILS. Digesting carefully the results of the experiments of Bar-low, Fairbairn, and Hodgekinson, and the experience of B. Adams, and other English engineers; also the con-clusions arrived at by the Berlin Convention of 1850,appointed to determine the best form of section, we cometo the following limiting dimensions. THE HEAD. Mr. Barlow limits the width of head at two and one halfinches as the maximum ; the Berlin Convention, at two andone fourth inches; W. B. Adams, at two and one half; and S
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