. Animal locomotion, or Walking, swimming, and flying, with a dissertation on aëronautics. Animal locomotion; Aeronautics. ANIMAL LOCOMOTION. superior and inferior extremities, and more especially of the trunk, are arranged in longitudinal, transverse, and oblique spiral lines, and in layers or strata precisely as in the ventricles of the heart and hollow muscles generally.^ If, consequently, I eliminaLe the element of bone from these several regions, I reproduce a typical hollow muscle; and what is still more remarkable, if I compare the bones re- moved (say the bones of the anterior extremit
. Animal locomotion, or Walking, swimming, and flying, with a dissertation on aëronautics. Animal locomotion; Aeronautics. ANIMAL LOCOMOTION. superior and inferior extremities, and more especially of the trunk, are arranged in longitudinal, transverse, and oblique spiral lines, and in layers or strata precisely as in the ventricles of the heart and hollow muscles generally.^ If, consequently, I eliminaLe the element of bone from these several regions, I reproduce a typical hollow muscle; and what is still more remarkable, if I compare the bones re- moved (say the bones of the anterior extremity of a quad- ruped or bird) with the cast obtained from the cavity of a hollow muscle (say the left ventricle of the heart of the mammal), I find that the bones and the cast are twisted upon themselves, and form elegant screws, the threads or ridges of which run in the same direction. This affords a proof that the involuntary hollow muscles supply the type or Fig. 6.—Wing of bird. Shows how the bones of the arm (a), forearm (?>), and hand (c), are twisted, and form a conical screw. Compare with Figs. 7 and 8.—Original. Fig. 7.—Anterior extremity of elephant. Shows how the hones of the arm (g), forearm (q'x), and foot (o). are twisted to form an osseous screw. Compare with Figs, 6 and S.—Origi^ial. Fig. 8.—Cast or mould of the interior of the left ventricle of the heart of a deer. Shows that the left ventricular cavity is conical and spiral m its nature, a Portion of right ventricular cavity ; h, base of left ventricular cavity ; x, y, spiral grooves occupied by the spiral musculi papillares ; j q, spiral ridges projecting between the musculi jpapillares. Compare with Figs. 6 and 7.—Original. pattern on which the voluntary muscles are formed. Fig. 6 re- presents the bones of the wing of the bird; fig. 7 the bones of the 1 " On the Arrangement of the Muscular Fibres in the Ventricles of the Vertebrate Heart, with Physiological Remarks," by the Author.—
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1870, booksubjectaeronau, bookyear1874
