Forest entomology . of life, the chances of a few beingcarried alive to other pear-trees in the neighbourhood must beconsiderable. 1 References to Literature consulted. Collinge. Black-Currant Gall-Mite. 1904. m i, .1 1907. Connold. British Vegetable Galls. Die Krankheiten der Pflanzen, Bd. iii. Insects of Victoria. Economic Entomology— Phytopti—Genera und Species. n Das Tierreich. 1898. Newstead. The Currant-Bud Mite. Memoires des Insectes. Diseases of Plants, &c. 1897. 1 Insects of Victoria. 1891. 37 CHAPTER II. C
Forest entomology . of life, the chances of a few beingcarried alive to other pear-trees in the neighbourhood must beconsiderable. 1 References to Literature consulted. Collinge. Black-Currant Gall-Mite. 1904. m i, .1 1907. Connold. British Vegetable Galls. Die Krankheiten der Pflanzen, Bd. iii. Insects of Victoria. Economic Entomology— Phytopti—Genera und Species. n Das Tierreich. 1898. Newstead. The Currant-Bud Mite. Memoires des Insectes. Diseases of Plants, &c. 1897. 1 Insects of Victoria. 1891. 37 CHAPTER II. COLEOPTERA (Beetles). Of all the families of Insects, with the exception of Lepidoptera,none appear so common, or so easily distinguished by the non-entomologist, as the Goleoptera or Beetles. They are easily recog-nised by their apparent absence of wings, though they are not wing-less, as the true wings are covered by two hard horny wing-casesknown as elytra, which are spread out during flight. The mouth is. Fig. 38.—Typical larvte of beetles. (From photo by A. Flatters.) formed for biting, hence they are mandibulate ; and the body, likethat of all other insects proper, is divided into three distinct portions—viz., head, thorax, and abdomen. Beetles undergo complete metamorphosis, passing through thevarious stages of egg, larva, pupa, and imago or perfect insect. represents typical larva? of beetles. The general student or collector of Goleoptera finds the forest avery happy hunting-ground, inasmuch as every portion of it is rep- 38 FOREST ENTOMOLOGY. resented by most of the respective families. Thus the ground under-neath yields the various orders of ground - beetles or Adephega,while in the air above many species may be caught from time to timeon the wing. Carrion-beetles may be found on keepers trees andin dead carcases, while the bark of trees affords hiding - places formany species. It is, however, from the economic point of view that the Coleopteraare reall
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