A history of the United States . l the branches of thenational government. CHAPTER XL. THE ADMINISTRATIONS OF TWILSON, 1913-1921. 711. Woodrow Wilson. ^-The new President called an extrasession of Congress almost immediately after inauguration. Heappeared in personbefore the Congress,thus reviving an oldcustom which had beenin disuse for over acentury, and vigor-ously urged certain leg-islation. After eight-een months of almostcontinuous session,this Congress ad-journed, havingpassed,among others, the fol-lowing importantmeasures: the Under-wood Tariff (1913), aslight revision down-ward, but m
A history of the United States . l the branches of thenational government. CHAPTER XL. THE ADMINISTRATIONS OF TWILSON, 1913-1921. 711. Woodrow Wilson. ^-The new President called an extrasession of Congress almost immediately after inauguration. Heappeared in personbefore the Congress,thus reviving an oldcustom which had beenin disuse for over acentury, and vigor-ously urged certain leg-islation. After eight-een months of almostcontinuous session,this Congress ad-journed, havingpassed,among others, the fol-lowing importantmeasures: the Under-wood Tariff (1913), aslight revision down-ward, but marked bymeasures stimulatingforeign trade; the Fed-eral Reserve Act(1913), establishingReserve banks inconvenient centers throughout the country, thus preventingaccumulation of money in New York and diminishing the dan-ger of financial panics ; the Federal Trade Commission and theAnti-trust bills (1914). 712. Japanese and Panama Questions. — Perhaps no presidentever faced more difficult foreign problems. The first to arise 558. Woodrow Wilson. § 714] THE MEXICAN QUESTION. 559 was over the California legislation, denying to the Japaneseand Chinese the right to acquire agricultural land. Throughthe efforts of the President and the secretary of state, thetreaty rights of Japan were safeguarded. Next came a dispute with England over the Panama Presid-ent recognized the justice of Englands claim thatequal rights to all ships did not allow us to exempt even ourown, and he persuaded Congress to repeal the law giving ourcoasting vessels special exemption, thus keeping our word andgiving equal rights to all ships passing through the canal. 713. The Mexican Question. — In 1911, Porfirio Diaz, presi-dent of Mexico since 1884, was forced to flee, and Madero, theleader of the revolt, became president and was recognized bythe United States. Madero in turn was deposed and mur-dered by adherents of Huerta, who then became dictator. TheAmerican ambassador to Mexico urged Presiden
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