. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE m BULLETIN No. 475 i Neltr^iifS? Contribution from the Forest Service. <j J§^"^C^. HENRY S. GRAVES, Forester. JZJ&'^&U Washington, D. C. PROFESSIONAL PAPER. May 28, 1917 REFORESTATION ON THE NATIONAL FORESTS. By C. R. Tillotson, Forest Examiner. CONTENTS. Page. Introduction 1 Reforestation an essential fea- ture of National Forest ad- ministration 2 Collection of seed 3 Seed crops 3 Gathering the seed 4 Drying the cones 6 Extracting the seed 13 Seed cleaning 14 Yi
. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE m BULLETIN No. 475 i Neltr^iifS? Contribution from the Forest Service. <j J§^"^C^. HENRY S. GRAVES, Forester. JZJ&'^&U Washington, D. C. PROFESSIONAL PAPER. May 28, 1917 REFORESTATION ON THE NATIONAL FORESTS. By C. R. Tillotson, Forest Examiner. CONTENTS. Page. Introduction 1 Reforestation an essential fea- ture of National Forest ad- ministration 2 Collection of seed 3 Seed crops 3 Gathering the seed 4 Drying the cones 6 Extracting the seed 13 Seed cleaning 14 Yield from cones 17 Cost of seed 17 Number of seed per pound 18 Seed storing 18 Page. Sowing and planting 18 Status of the work on the Na- tional forests 18 Sowing and planting methods 20 Quantity of seed and number of plants per acre 32 Costs 33 Season 36 Field organization 39 Causes of failure and losses, and methods of prevention-- 46 Sowing or planting by regions- 53 INTRODUCTION. The National Forests are scattered from Alaska to Porto Rico and contain within their boundaries all sorts of timberlands, from those which produce only cordwood to those which support the finest and most valuable stands of timber in the world. Sometimes natural re- generation of the forest fails or a forest not yet producing seed needs to be increased in density. There are also in the National Forests about 5,600,000 acres now bearing little or no tree growth which are capable of producing valuable timber and are suitable for no other purpose. It is the object of reforestation to improve the stands which are too thin and to make the bare lands productive. Reforestation operations on the National Forests now cover from twelve to fifteen thousand acres yearly. Note.—This bulletin supersedes Forest Service Bulletin 98, " Reforestation on the National Forests," by W. T. Cox, on which the material relating to seed collecting and direct seeding is largely based. It represents the results of
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