Collected papers . esedisinfectants—would, therefore, contain 09 per cent, totalalkali. If the entire alkali in the 2 per cent, dilutions were in thefree state it would amount to about 1 .DOth normal, but only afraction of tlie total alkali in a soai) dilution is free, and in thepresence of the cresols free alkali could not be detected withphenol-phthalien—, its concentration was less than 10-^*normal. (ji.) The alJcalinity of the resin soap and castor oil soappreparation. In these prepaTatiors a known amount of alkali was intro-duced since the soap was synthesi&ed from fat in .presence of
Collected papers . esedisinfectants—would, therefore, contain 09 per cent, totalalkali. If the entire alkali in the 2 per cent, dilutions were in thefree state it would amount to about 1 .DOth normal, but only afraction of tlie total alkali in a soai) dilution is free, and in thepresence of the cresols free alkali could not be detected withphenol-phthalien—, its concentration was less than 10-^*normal. (ji.) The alJcalinity of the resin soap and castor oil soappreparation. In these prepaTatiors a known amount of alkali was intro-duced since the soap was synthesi&ed from fat in .presence oftar acid. In the follo-^-ing taible are given the slkali contents of the^•urious preparations, which are classified below according totJieir formulae :— Table XVIII. Formula. Alkali-content % ofpreparation (KOH) Alkali-content (KOH)of 2 % ililution. I. rar-acld 50 ) (/astor-oil 20 I Potash 5 ( Water 5 ) II. Tar-acid 50 j Oasti)--oil 35 I Potash 8 f Water 7 J III Tar-acid 50 ) Kesin 25 6 Water 5 ). If the entire alkaQi in the 2 iper cent, dilutions were in thefree state it would amount to a concentration of from l-33rdto l-42nd no: mal, according to the formula of the preparation. l\ was found, however, that the concentration of free alkaliin the 2 per cent, dilutions of the castor oil soap and resinsoap prepaiations only amounted to l-170th normal. Thisstrength of alkali can just be tasted and causes elight smart-ing %vhen applied to the conjunctiva. The dilutions with water ol the various eoap emulsions ofthe phenols, therefore, contained very little free alkali. {ii.) Toxicity. The tar acids exert a poisonous action when injected ortaken orally. The minimum lethal dose of carbolic acid forman -appears to .be 15 gms., but fatal poisoning by phenol hasbeen tnown io occur as a result of its application to the un-Ibroken ekin and allso of its injection into the cavities ofabscesses. ToUens (Archiv f. Experiment. Path. u. Pharra., Vol. .52,p. 220) showed that fatal
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