. Engineering and Contracting. s drivenconsisted largely of very clean gravel of dif-ferent sizes, but packed hard, so that the pilingdrove verj,- slowly, sometimes advancing but asmall fraction of an inch at a blow. The re-sult was that the sheeting did not drivestraight, and also it separated in the course ofits descent. Before much progress was madeIn the excavation the water started coming invery quickly, and this necessitated the use ofone large pumping engine and shortly two. Thespace between the rows of piling was filled withfine soil, but In many places, in an endeavor tostop the numer
. Engineering and Contracting. s drivenconsisted largely of very clean gravel of dif-ferent sizes, but packed hard, so that the pilingdrove verj,- slowly, sometimes advancing but asmall fraction of an inch at a blow. The re-sult was that the sheeting did not drivestraight, and also it separated in the course ofits descent. Before much progress was madeIn the excavation the water started coming invery quickly, and this necessitated the use ofone large pumping engine and shortly two. Thespace between the rows of piling was filled withfine soil, but In many places, in an endeavor tostop the numerous leaks, the soil was taken out,and replaced by packing it hard with heavyrammers. At this time, although the men were working only about 8 ft. below the surface ofthe river ice, there was from 1 to 2 ft. of waterin the bottom of the excavation. It is interesting to note the behavior of woodensheet piling in this instance, and to note howimperfectly it kept the water out of the exca-vated area. It is probable that as the ad-. vantages of steel sheet piling become betterknown here, it will be used more for this classof work, replacing the wooden piling which issomewhat unsatisfactory for obvious very truly, L. , Alta., Feb. 19, 1910. The Dam Failure at Dansville New York. Sirs: Having read in Engineering-Contract-ing of Feb. 2, 1910, an article signed Q. E. Inwhich an explanation of the failure of theDansville dam was offered, the writer has beenmoved to give his views on the subject. The failure of this little dam has caused con-siderable comment by the engineering press, thereason for which is a much greater mystery tothe writer than is the cause of the failure. Ifbefore the dam had failed a much greateramount of space had been devoted to an explan-ation of why the dam did not tail there wouldhave been much good done. The remarks of Q. E. F. indicate the only water but such dams are only suited to solidrock bottoms. To design a dam for a soft bot-t
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