. The origin and evolution of life, on the theory of action, reaction and interaction of energy. degeneration. ^ In physics momentum equals mass X velocity. In biology momentum and inertiarefer to the relative rate of character change, both in individual development (ontogeny)and in evolution (phylogeny). Character parallax would express the differing velocitiesof two characters. Thus the character parallax of the right and left horns in the Bron-totheriinae (titanotheres) is very small, i. c, they evolve at nearly or quite the samerate; on the other hand, the character parallax between the fi
. The origin and evolution of life, on the theory of action, reaction and interaction of energy. degeneration. ^ In physics momentum equals mass X velocity. In biology momentum and inertiarefer to the relative rate of character change, both in individual development (ontogeny)and in evolution (phylogeny). Character parallax would express the differing velocitiesof two characters. Thus the character parallax of the right and left horns in the Bron-totheriinae (titanotheres) is very small, i. c, they evolve at nearly or quite the samerate; on the other hand, the character parallax between the first and second premolarteeth in these animals is very great. The character-parallax idea has innumerable ap-plications and can be expressed quantitatively. W. K. Gregory. Fig. 38. DissimilarlyFormed Characters ofSimilar Origin. Surface of the upper grindingteeth of two ancient Eocenemammals. Type B isknown to be related totype A. In Euprologonia{A) all the cusps are of asomewhat similar roundedform. In Mcniscotherium(B) each cusp has its ownpeculiar form. ISO THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF LIFE. The ever changing velocity and changing bodily form andfunction in character complexes are to be regarded as expressionsof physicochemical energy resulting from the actions, reactions,and interactions of different parts of the organism. As wehave repeatedly stated, these changes proceed according tosome unknown laws. The only vista which we enjoy at pres- sent of a possible fu-ture explanation of thecauses of characterorigin, character veloc-ity, and character co-operation is throughchemical catalysis,namely, through thehypothesis that all ac-tions and reactions ofform and of motionliberate specific cata-lytic messengers, suchas ferments, enzymes,hormones, chalones,and other as yet un-discovered chemical messengers, which produce specific andcooperating interactions in every character complex of the organ-ism and corresponding predispositions in the physicochemicalenergies of the germ; in
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