Effects of soil fumigation on Effects of soil fumigation on production of conifer nursery stock at two northern Rocky Mountain nurseries effectsofsoilfum91boyd Year: 1971 None of the fumigation treatments tested have eliminated weeds. Some hand weeding has been required to control deep-rooted perennials, weeds from windblown seed, and, no doubt, weed seed which escaped fumigation due to imperfect application techniques. Much of the effort spent in fumigation can be lost if weeds, which become established in spite of the best fumigation efforts, are not removed or killed prior to their seed ma
Effects of soil fumigation on Effects of soil fumigation on production of conifer nursery stock at two northern Rocky Mountain nurseries effectsofsoilfum91boyd Year: 1971 None of the fumigation treatments tested have eliminated weeds. Some hand weeding has been required to control deep-rooted perennials, weeds from windblown seed, and, no doubt, weed seed which escaped fumigation due to imperfect application techniques. Much of the effort spent in fumigation can be lost if weeds, which become established in spite of the best fumigation efforts, are not removed or killed prior to their seed maturation and dispersal. Hand-weeding time studies were made during the 1963 spring and fall fumigation trials at Coeur d'Alene. A range of weed densities provided by fumigation treatments were correlated with weeding time and cost. Figure 1 shows the relationship between number of weeds, weeding time, and fumigant treatment for a total of four hand weedings during the first growing season in the 1963 spring fumigation trials. Unfumigated beds with approximately 22 weeds per square foot required nearly 400 hours of hand-weeding time per acre; weeding time was below 300 hours per acre on fumigated beds. The better fumigants reduced weed populations to less than 10 weeds per square foot and weeding times to under 200 hours per acre. For seedbeds fumigated in the fall of 1963, time records were obtained for a single hand weeding in late June of the following year (figure 2). Weeding time for given weed densities ran higher than those for spring fumigation because the weeds were larger and greater care had to be used in removing them to keep from damaging tree seedlings. Unfumigated beds, and those fumigated with Brozone at 110 pounds per acre and Vapam at 40 gallons per acre (not covered by tarpaulins), had two to three times as many weeds as the more effective fumigants. Weed populations were generally higher in this test than in the 1963 spring tests due to the accumulation of wi
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